“…However, the previously mentioned state observers are usually model-based, that is, accurate model information is essential during their design process, so they are not suitable for systems with uncertain dynamics. Thanks to the Han's works, the extended state observer (ESO) is proposed, which is model-independent and can achieve the simultaneous estimation of unmeasured system states and multiple uncertainties (Huang et al, 2021;Yang et al, 2021aYang et al, , 2021bZuo et al, 2021). However, a crucial issue will be encountered in the foregoing ESO-based control methods, that is, when faced with unmodeled dynamics and unknown disturbances, the transient and steady-state behavior of the system cannot be prespecified in advance without recourse to regulating the controller parameters repeatedly.…”