A lectin S-domain receptor kinase mediates lipopolysaccharide sensing in Arabidopsis thaliana

Abstract

The sensing of microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) triggers innate immunity in animals and plants. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Gram-negative bacteria is a potent MAMP for mammals, with the lipid A moiety activating proinflammatory responses via Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Here we found that the plant Arabidopsis thaliana specifically sensed LPS of Pseudomonas and Xanthomonas. We isolated LPS-insensitive mutants defective in the bulb-type lectin S-domain-1 receptor-like kinase LORE (SD1-29), which were hypersusceptible to infection with Pseudomonas syringae. Targeted chemical degradation of LPS from Pseudomonas species suggested that LORE detected mainly the lipid A moiety of LPS. LORE conferred sensitivity to LPS onto tobacco after transient expression, which demonstrated a key function in LPS sensing and indicated the possibility of engineering resistance to bacteria in crop species.

A Cysteine-Rich Protein Kinase Associates with a Membrane Immune Complex and the Cysteine Residues Are Required for Cell Death

“…However, after FLS2 degradation occurring approximately 1 h post flg22 perception, de novo protein synthesis results in an increase in FLS2 protein levels between 3 and 24 h post perception, which is consistent with our results (Smith et al, 2014). The major chitin receptor LYSIN MOTIF RECEPTOR KINASE5 (Cao et al, 2014), the lipopolysaccharide receptor LECTIN S-DOMAIN1 RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE (Ranf et al, 2015), the damage-associated molecular pattern receptor WALL-ASSOCIATED RECEPTOR KINASE1 (Brutus et al, 2010), the danger peptide receptor PEP RECEPTOR1 (PEPR1; Huffaker and Ryan, 2007), and the positive regulator of PTI signaling IMPAIRED OOMYCETE SUSCEPTIBILITY1 (IOS1; Yeh et al, 2016) were up-regulated upon flg22 perception (Fig. 1C).…”

The Brassicaceae Family Displays Divergent, Shoot-Skewed NLR Resistance Gene Expression

“…Another is that the Brassicaceae have evolved a unique set of highly efficient pattern recognition receptors that quickly eliminate putative root pathogens. For instance, the Ef-Tu and lipopolysaccharide PRRs are thought to be Brassicaceae-specific (Kunze et al, 2004;Ranf et al, 2015).…”

Receptor Kinases in Plant-Pathogen Interactions: More Than Pattern Recognition

“…The Arabidopsis lectin-RK LORE is a receptor for the lipid A moiety of bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) (Ranf et al, 2015). Another Lectin-RK, DORN1 , is a high affinity receptor for ATP (eATP), which may act as a DAMP as it induces cytosolic Ca 2+ elevation and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation .…”