A level-of-details framework for representing occupant behavior in agent-based models

Ten questions concerning agent-based modeling of occupant behavior for energy and environmental performance of buildings

“…An important matter that needs to be addressed in occupant modeling using the agent-based approach is at what level of detail (LoD) the occupants' presence, movement, decision-making processes, interactions, learning, and other behavioral features should be represented. The concept of level of detail in ABM for the built environment essentially deals with the amount of information or the degree of granularity adopted in representing OB [68]. For instance, occupants' presence and movement in BPS can be demonstrated through diverse modeling expressions and at various spatial resolutions such as at aggregated whole-building level through a set of rules, at floor level following a uniform distribution probabilistic expression, or even at individual zone level through a stochastic process.…”