“…Various approaches have been proposed in the literature to develop RDs, including Information Retrieval (IR) System-based Crawford and Crawford, 1997;El-Kahlout and Oflazer, 2004;Shaw et al, 2013), Graph-based (Dutoit and Nugues, 2002;Reyes Magaña et al, 2019;Thorat and Choudhari, 2016), Mental Dictionary-based (Zock and Schwab, 2008;Zock and Bilac, 2004), Vector Space Model-based Semantic Analysis (Calvo et al, 2016;Méndez et al, 2013), and Neural Language Model-based approaches (Agrawal et al, 2021;Hedderich et al, 2019;Hill et al, 2016;Morinaga and Yamaguchi, 2018;Morinaga and Yamaguchi, 2020;Pilehvar, 2019;Yan et al, 2020;Devlin et al, 2019).…”