A life cycle assessment of pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.) -derived jet fuel and diesel

Fan, Jiqing; Shonnard, David R.; Kalnes, Tom N.; Johnsen, Peter B.; Rao, Serin

doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2012.12.040

Cited by 117 publications

(120 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…maize or soybean) is feasible, but mainly in climates with mild winters. In climates with long cold winters such as Minnesota, USA, its emergence is stopped in the winter and resumes in the spring, and in this instance, plants might not mature soon enough before it is time to sow the next crop (Fan et al, 2013).…”

Section: Future Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although many studies have been conducted to analyse its oil quality (Davis et al, 1999;Carr, 1993;Kumar and Tsunoda, 1980;Schroeder et al, 1974), little is known about its proper agronomic management (Zanetti et al, 2013). Due to its winter annual cycle and relatively early harvest date, it could be combined with a summer crop for double-cropping (Fan et al, 2013). Its growth characteristics make it suitable as a winter crop in Mediterranean climates (Zanetti et al, 2013), where it could be alternated with irrigated crops, as proposed for other crop species by Meza et al (2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Emergence of field pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.): Comparison of two accessions and modelling

Royo‐Esnal

Ņečajeva

Torra

et al. 2015

Industrial Crops and Products

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a b s t r a c tMany weed species are becoming rare due to intense agricultural management, which leads to a decrease of biodiversity in agroecosystems. Cultivating some of these species for their oilseed content may help preserve them while profiting agronomically. Thlaspi arvense is one of these species with potential as an industrial crop. The aim of this work was to develop a model to describe the emergence of this species, and that can help to make decisions for its management, whether for conservation or production purposes. The emergence of two accessions of T. arvense, one from Spain and the other from USA, sown in Spain (Almenar) and USA (Morris), over two seasons (2011-12 and 2012-13) and in Riga (Latvia) over one season (2012), was followed to compare patterns and extent, as well as to develop emergence prediction models based on hydrothermal time (HTT) and photohydrothermal time (PhHTT). For the USA accession, the percentage of seeds that emerged was significantly higher than that of the Spanish accession. Both accessions presented two emergence peaks (autumn-winter and spring) in both localities, but while these peaks could be considered as two different flushes in Almenar -for both accessions -, they appeared to be a single flush disrupted by low winter temperatures in Morris. An HTT-based model was applicable for both accessions with less precision than the PhHTT-based one, which was more accurate in most cases but failed in certain circumstances for the USA accession. The differences in emergence percentage among accessions suggest that some accessions might be more amenable to being used as a crop. The two models developed in this work predicted the emergence of both accessions of T. arvense quite accurately. The inclusion of photoperiod in the hydrothermal time equation, creating a new unit that we have called photohydrothermal time, offers a possibility to obtain more accurate models.

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Section: Future Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Emergence of field pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.): Comparison of two accessions and modelling

Royo‐Esnal

Ņečajeva

Torra

et al. 2015

Industrial Crops and Products

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“…Several life-cycle analyses of AJFs have been published. Using HEFA production details provided by UOP, Shonnard et al [8] and Fan et al [9] estimated the well-to-wake (WTWa) GHG emissions associated with camelina- and pennycress-based HRJ using an energy-based allocation method, with results of 22 and 33 g CO 2 e/MJ, respectively. These studies assumed little land use change (LUC) impact of these fuels because the feedstocks are rotational crops.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Well-to-wake analysis of ethanol-to-jet and sugar-to-jet pathways

Han

Tao

Wang

2017

Biotechnol Biofuels

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BackgroundTo reduce the environmental impacts of the aviation sector as air traffic grows steadily, the aviation industry has paid increasing attention to bio-based alternative jet fuels (AJFs), which may provide lower life-cycle petroleum consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions than petroleum jet fuel. This study presents well-to-wake (WTWa) results for four emerging AJFs: ethanol-to-jet (ETJ) from corn and corn stover, and sugar-to-jet (STJ) from corn stover via both biological and catalytic conversion. For the ETJ pathways, two plant designs were examined: integrated (processing corn or corn stover as feedstock) and distributed (processing ethanol as feedstock). Also, three H2 options for STJ via catalytic conversion are investigated: external H2 from natural gas (NG) steam methane reforming (SMR), in situ H2, and H2 from biomass gasification.ResultsResults demonstrate that the feedstock is a key factor in the WTWa GHG emissions of ETJ: corn- and corn stover-based ETJ are estimated to produce WTWa GHG emissions that are 16 and 73%, respectively, less than those of petroleum jet. As for the STJ pathways, this study shows that STJ via biological conversion could generate WTWa GHG emissions 59% below those of petroleum jet. STJ via catalytic conversion could reduce the WTWa GHG emissions by 28% with H2 from NG SMR or 71% with H2 from biomass gasification than those of petroleum jet. This study also examines the impacts of co-product handling methods, and shows that the WTWa GHG emissions of corn stover-based ETJ, when estimated with a displacement method, are lower by 11 g CO2e/MJ than those estimated with an energy allocation method.ConclusionCorn- and corn stover-based ETJ as well as corn stover-based STJ show potentials to reduce WTWa GHG emissions compared to petroleum jet. Particularly, WTWa GHG emissions of STJ via catalytic conversion depend highly on the hydrogen source. On the other hand, ETJ offers unique opportunities to exploit extensive existing corn ethanol plants and infrastructure, and to provide a boost to staggering ethanol demand, which is largely being used as gasoline blendstock.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13068-017-0698-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…It can provide a feedstock for biodiesel production (Moser, 2012), and can also be used as a source of biokerosene for "green" aviation fuel. Life-cycle analyses show that total greenhouse gas emissions and energy balance from these biofuels are considerably superior to equivalent fuels derived from fossil fuel sources (Fan et al, 2013). Pennycress oil also provides high-quality feedstocks for industrial lubricants (Cermak et al, 2013), and the seed meal remaining after oil extraction is high in protein, with potential use as a fodder supplement or a weed-suppressing horticultural biofumigant (Vaughn et al, 2005).…”

Section: Development Of End Uses Supply Chains and Markets For Pennmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pennycress oil also provides high-quality feedstocks for industrial lubricants (Cermak et al, 2013), and the seed meal remaining after oil extraction is high in protein, with potential use as a fodder supplement or a weed-suppressing horticultural biofumigant (Vaughn et al, 2005). Recent estimates of potential pennycress production in Midwest USA projected production of circa 4 billion US gallons on 16.2 million hectares (Fan et al, 2013). To expand to such a scale, much expansion will be needed in logistics and processing facilities and other aspects of post-production logistics.…”

Section: Development Of End Uses Supply Chains and Markets For Pennmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable commercialization of new crops for the agricultural bioeconomy

Jordan

Dorn

Runck

et al. 2016

Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene

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Diversification of agroecological systems to enhance agrobiodiversity is likely to be critical to advancing environmental, economic, and social sustainability of agriculture. Temperate-zone agroecological systems that are currently organized for production of summer-annual crops can be diversified by integration of fallow-season and perennial crops. Integration of such crops can improve sustainability of these agroecological systems, with minimal interference with current agricultural production. Importantly, these crops can provide feedstocks for a wide range of new bio-products that are forming a new agricultural bioeconomy, potentially providing greatly increased economic incentives for diversification. However, while there are many fallow-season and perennial crops that might be used in such a "bioeconomic" strategy for diversification, most are not yet well adapted and highly-marketable. Efforts are underway to enhance adaptation and marketability of many such crops. Critically, these efforts require a strategic approach that addresses the inherent complexity of these projects. We outline a suitable approach, which we term "sustainable commercialization": a coordinated innovation process that integrates a new crop into the agriculture of a region, while intentionally addressing economic, environmental and social sustainability challenges via multi-stakeholder governance. This approach centers on a concerted effort to coordinate and govern innovation in three critical areas: germplasm development, multifunctional agroecosystem design and management, and development of end uses, supply chains, and markets. To exemplify the approach, we describe an ongoing effort to commercialize a new fallow-season crop, field pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.).

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A life cycle assessment of pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.) -derived jet fuel and diesel

Cited by 117 publications

References 18 publications

Emergence of field pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.): Comparison of two accessions and modelling

Emergence of field pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.): Comparison of two accessions and modelling

Well-to-wake analysis of ethanol-to-jet and sugar-to-jet pathways

Sustainable commercialization of new crops for the agricultural bioeconomy

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