A Lifespan Perspective on the Interconnections Between Personality, Health, and Optimal Aging

Mroczek, Daniel K.; Weston, Sara J.; Willroth, Emily C

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-32053-9_12

Cited by 15 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The reciprocal relations between personality traits and health outcomes over time provide support for the self-reinforcing aspect of the corresponsive principle such that although personality traits lead individuals to certain life experiences, the experiences may also reinforce and deepen the personality traits. Also, the findings of the within-person bidirectional associations between personality traits and health are consistent with the life span developmental theory (Baltes, 1987; Mroczek et al, 2020) which suggests that, rather than claiming causal relationships, the developmental variables, including personality traits and health, are codeveloping across time, even over the latter half of the life course. As the principle of plasticity maintains, owing to the plastic and malleable nature of personality traits and health, there are dynamic processes in the associations between personality traits and health over time.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…In addition, within the framework of life span developmental theory, bidirectionality has been suggested to be a key in understanding the transaction between personality and health over the life course (Mroczek et al, 2020). Life span developmental theory posits that factors such as personality traits and physical functioning are interconnected over long periods of time (Baltes, 1987).…”

Section: Theoretical Basis For the Longitudinal Association Between P...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Personality traits have received increasing attention as a potential source of individual differences in health development (Weston et al, 2020). Personality is defined as relatively enduring patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that reflect the tendency to respond in certain ways under certain circumstances (Roberts, 2009).…”

Section: Theoretical Basis For the Longitudinal Association Between P...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Personality and health: Disentangling their between-person and within-person relationship in three longitudinal studies.

Luo¹,

Zhang

Estabrook

et al. 2022

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

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Personality traits and physical health both change over the life span. Theoretical models and empirical evidence suggest that these changes are related. The current study investigated the dynamic relations between personality traits and physical health at both the between-person and the within-person levels. Data were drawn from three longitudinal studies: the Veterans Affairs Normative Aging Study (NAS; N = 1,734), the Longitudinal Internet Studies for the Social Sciences (LISS; N = 13,559), and the Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging (SATSA, N = 2,209). Using random intercept cross-lagged panel models (RI-CLPMs) and the continuous time (CT) models, after controlling the between-person variance, generally, evidence was found for bidirectional associations between changes in neuroticism and extraversion and changes in self-rated health and general disease level. Bidirectional associations between changes in neuroticism and change in cardiovascular diseases and central nervous system diseases were observed only when time was modeled as continuous. We also found within-person associations between changes in neuroticism and extraversion and changes in performance-based ratings of motor functioning impairment. According to the current findings, the dynamic within-person relations between personality traits and health outcomes were largely in the direction consistent with their between-person connections, although the within-person relationships were substantially smaller in strength when compared their between-person counterparts. Findings from the current study highlight the importance of distinguishing between-person and within-person effects when examining the longitudinal relationship between personality traits and health.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Theoretical Basis For the Longitudinal Association Between P...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Theoretical Basis For the Longitudinal Association Between P...mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Personality and health: Disentangling their between-person and within-person relationship in three longitudinal studies.

Luo¹,

Zhang

Estabrook

et al. 2022

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

Self Cite

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“…For instance, correlated change between Conscientiousness and health or other relevant outcomes can be studies across age using the procedures presented in this study. This approach can help identify potential bi-directionalities between Conscientiousness and health (Mroczek et al., 2020) and at which age these effects are particularly strong.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlated personality change across time and age

Olaru

Allemand

2021

Eur J Pers

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The goal of this study was to examine differential and correlated change in personality across the adult lifespan. Studying differential and correlated change can help understand whether intraindividual trait change trajectories deviate from the norm and how these trajectories are coupled with each other. We used data from two large longitudinal panel studies from the United States that covered a total age range of 20 to 95 years on the first measurement occasion. We used correlated factor models and bivariate latent change score models to examine the rank-order stability and correlations between change across three measurement waves covering 18 years ( N = 3250) and four measurement waves covering 12 years ( N = 4145). We examined the moderation effects of continuous age on these model parameters using local structural equation modeling. The results suggest that the test–retest correlations decrease with increasing time between measurements but are unaffected by participants’ age. We found that change processes in Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness were strongly related, particularly in late adulthood. Correlated change patterns were highly stable across time intervals and similar to the initial cross-sectional Big Five correlations. We discuss potential mechanisms and implications for personality development research.

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“…health behaviors) and their social environment (e.g. relationship and family outcomes) ( Hampson and Friedman, 2008 ; Mroczek et al., 2020 ; Shanahan et al., 2014 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vital personality scores and healthy aging: Life-course associations and familial transmission

Wertz

Israel

Arseneault

et al. 2021

Social Science & Medicine

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Objectives Personality traits are linked with healthy aging, but it is not clear how these associations come to manifest across the life-course and across generations. To study this question, we tested a series of hypotheses about (a) personality-trait prediction of markers of healthy aging across the life-course, (b) developmental origins, stability and change of links between personality and healthy aging across time, and (c) intergenerational transmission of links between personality and healthy aging. For our analyses we used a measure that aggregates the contributions of Big 5 personality traits to healthy aging: a “vital personality” score. Methods Data came from two population-based longitudinal cohort studies, one based in New Zealand and the other in the UK, comprising over 6000 study members across two generations, and spanning an age range from birth to late life. Results Our analyses revealed three main findings: first, individuals with higher vital personality scores engaged in fewer health-risk behaviors, aged slower, and lived longer. Second, individuals’ vital personality scores were preceded by differences in early-life temperament and were relatively stable across adulthood, but also increased from young adulthood to midlife. Third, individuals with higher vital personality scores had children with similarly vital partners, promoted healthier behaviors in their children, and had children who grew up to have more vital personality scores themselves, for genetic and environmental reasons. Conclusion Our study shows how the health benefits associated with personality accrue throughout the life-course and across generations.

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A Lifespan Perspective on the Interconnections Between Personality, Health, and Optimal Aging

Cited by 15 publications

References 29 publications

Personality and health: Disentangling their between-person and within-person relationship in three longitudinal studies.

Personality and health: Disentangling their between-person and within-person relationship in three longitudinal studies.

Correlated personality change across time and age

Vital personality scores and healthy aging: Life-course associations and familial transmission

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