A lifetime extension strategy to increase the reliability of PFC in Co-phase TPSS

Optimal planning of hybrid energy storage systems in traction power supply system with railway power conditioner

“…The particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm has a good searching ability in solving optimization functions. 34 Through iterative optimization calculation, the approximate solution can be found quickly, but the basic PSO is easy to fall into local optimal, resulting in a large error of results. 35 Inertia weight is an important parameter of PSO, which affects the optimization effect of PSO.…”

Comprehensive Compensation Method for Co-phase Power Supply in Electrified Railways Based on V/v Transformer and Single-phase Rotating Var Compensator

“…Electrified railways, as a means of transport for the masses, have been selected by many countries due to advantages such as fast speed and cleanliness [1].The singlephase alternating current power supply mode is widely employed in electrified rail systems, yet the substantial power requirements of electric locomotives often give rise to issues pertaining to negative sequence and reactive power quality [2][3]. China has constructed a 27.5 kV traction power supply system for electrified railways on a grand scale, adopting a neutral section method, which is a nonelectrified zone for phase-shifting on the catenary [4], to minimize the impact of negative sequence currents generated by traction loads on the power grid, yet this approach poses challenges such as reduced train speeds, diminished traction capacity, and voltage surges, thereby hindering the advancement of electrified railways toward high speeds and heavy loads, and threatening the secure operation of electrified railways [5][6].…”

Thermal Constrained Energy Optimization of Railway Cophase Systems With ESS Integration—An FRA-Pruned DQN Approach

“…In [3], a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) optimization model with ESS degradation considered is formulated for the operation of the railway ESS-integrated co-phase system. However, as illustrated in [12], [13], besides the dynamics of the electrical systems, the failure rates of the battery cells and power electronics modules are highly related to the internal temperatures of the battery cells and the junction temperatures of the power electronics modules respectively. To control the thermal dynamics of the battery cells and power electronics modules, besides taking thermal capacity into consideration in the system design or applying an advanced cooling system [14]- [16], to develop a suitable thermal management strategy is an effective approach with the advantage that extra investment may not be required and several thermal management strategies for the ESS and power electronics modules have been proposed.…”

“…For the power electronics modules, a thermal balancing method by controlling the capacitor voltage of each submodule in the modular multilevel converter (MMC) is proposed in [19]. Furthermore, in [12], the power electronics module lifetime affected by the junction temperature is considered in the co-phase railway PFC control. By optimizing the single-phase space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM), the average temperature and temperature fluctuation of the power electronics modules are reduced.…”