A light and electron microscopic study of the heart of a crayfish, Procambarus clarkii (giraud). I. histology and histochemistry

Abstract

The adventitia of the crayfish heart consists of about five layers of uninucleated cells that often contain large amounts of glycogen. The outer and inner boundaries of the adventitia are represented by amorphous, homogeneous layers that are rich in neutral and acidic carbohydrates. J. MDRPH., 131: 237-252. LITERATURE CITED Alexandrowicz, J. S. 1932 The innervation of the heart of the crustacea: I. Decapoda. Quart. J. Micr. Sci., 7: 181-249. Baumann, H. 1921 Das Gefassystem von Astacus fluviatilis (Potamobius astacus L.) Z. Wiss. Zooll, 1 1 8: 246-312. Dreszo, B. 1878 Uber das Herz des Flusskrebes und des Hummers. 2001. Anz., I : 126-127. Freeman, J., and B. Spurlock 1962 A new epoxy embedment for electron microscopy. J.Cell. Biol., 13: 437-443.

Ultrastructure of crista supraventricularis muscle in patients with congenital heart diseases associated with right ventricular outflow tract obstruction.

“…39 JONES ET AL. TF 23 TF 24 TF 25 TF 26 TF 27 TF 28 TF 29 TF 30 TF 31 TF 32 TF 33 TF 34 TF 35 TF 36 TF 37 TF 38 TF 39 TF 40 TF 41 TF 42 TF 43 TF 44 TF 45 TF 46 TF 47 TF 48 TF 49 Tetralogy with pulmonary atresia 50 Tetralogy with infundibular atresia 51 Tetralogy Abbreviations: AR = aortic regurgitation; ASD = atrial septal defect; BR = Brock pulmonary valvulotomy and infundibulectomy; BT = Blalock-Taussig subelavian-pulmonary shunt; cell size = range of transverse diameters (in microns) of cardiac muscle cells; DORV = double outlet iight ventricle; gradient = peak systolic pressure gradient, in mm Hg, between body of right ventricle and pulmonary artery; Hct = hematocrit; IPS = infundibular pulmonic stenosis; P = Potts aorto-pulmonary shunt; PA = pulmonary artery; PAO2 = peripheral arterial oxygen saturation (NO); QP/QS = ratio of pulmonic to systemic blood flows; RVEDP = right ventricular end-diastolic pressure in mm Hg; RVS = right ventricular systolic pressure in mm Hg; subPS = subpulmonic stenosis; SVSD = supracristal ventricular septal defect; TF = tetralogy of Fallot; VPS = valvular pulmonic stenosis; VSD = veintricular septal defect; W = Waterston aorto-pulmonary shunt; -= data not available.…”

The Circulatory System and an Enigmatic Cell Type of the Cephalocarid Crustacean Hutchinsoniella Macracantha

“…The crustacean heart is usually constructed as a double-layered tube or sack with an inner myocardium, facing the lumen and containing the muscles, and an outer epicardium. This is seen in malacostracans (syncarids: Tjönneland et al, 1984;mysids: Nylund, 1981;tanaidaceans: Nylund, 1986;amphipods: Mycklebust et al, 1976;Larsen, 1983;cumaceans: Nylund, 1985;isopods: Tjönneland et al, 1975;Liebich, 1981;euphausiaceans: Mycklebust, 1977;hoplocarids: Irisawa and Hama, 1965;decapods: Smith, 1963;Baccetti and Bigliardi, 1969;Komuro, 1969;Howse et al, 1970;Smith and Andersson, 1972;Aizu, 1973;Mycklebust and Tjön-neland, 1975;Hawkins et al, 1977;Burrage and Sherman, 1978;Sherman and Burrage, 1979), but also in some non-malacostracans (ostracods : Christ, 1982). In copepods (Howse et al, 1975;Mycklebust et al, 1977), an outer layer termed interstitial cells or epithelium could represent an epicardium.…”

“…This is seen in malacostracans (syncarids: Tjönneland et al, 1984;mysids: Nylund, 1981;tanaidaceans: Nylund, 1986;amphipods: Mycklebust et al, 1976;Larsen, 1983;cumaceans: Nylund, 1985;isopods: Tjönneland et al, 1975;Liebich, 1981;euphausiaceans: Mycklebust, 1977;hoplocarids: Irisawa and Hama, 1965;decapods: Smith, 1963;Baccetti and Bigliardi, 1969;Komuro, 1969;Howse et al, 1970;Smith and Andersson, 1972;Aizu, 1973;Mycklebust and Tjön-neland, 1975;Hawkins et al, 1977;Burrage and Sherman, 1978;Sherman and Burrage, 1979), but also in some non-malacostracans (ostracods : Christ, 1982). In copepods (Howse et al, 1975;Mycklebust et al, 1977), an outer layer termed interstitial cells or epithelium could represent an epicardium. An incomplete epicardium is found in the notostracan branchiopod Lepidurus (Tjönneland et al, 1980), whereas cladoceran branchiopods (Stein et al, 1966;Steinsland, 1982) and anostracans (Ökland et al, 1982) lack an epicardium.…”

“…Circularly arranged myofibers in cumaceans branch (Nylund, 1985). In a crayfish (Howse et al, 1970), the myofibers themselves radiate from numerous loci, but also the myofibrils are highly branched. Hutchinsoniella conforms to this in that myofibrils traverse the cell in all directions.…”

Measurement of electrophoretic mobility of cardiomyocytes

“…However, when the transmembrane potential changes to zero, the characteristics of the EPM of cardiomyocytes are still different from the common particles. After removing of the sialic acid on the surface of cells, and at pH 5.0, which is lower than the isoelectric point of phospholipids (pI 5 6.57) (derives from European Molecular Biology Laboratory) [12], or when the transmembrane potential is zero (at 148 mM ionic strengths), the EPM showed a strange rise, which indicates that, besides the surface sialic acid, the plasmalemma phospholipids [5,[13][14][15] and the membrane potential serve as the sources of the surface negative electric field (negative charge) of the cardiomyocytes. Also the membrane protein should participate in [16][17][18][19].…”