A Lightning Stroke Pathfinder

Attachment of lightning flashes to grounded structures

“…Later, small changes to the constant parameters a and b were performed by Brown and Whitehead [18], Gilman and Whitehead [20] and Love [14] among others. In addition, further calibration of the EGM was performed with data of shielding failures from an intensive field campaign supported by the Edison Electrical Institute [15,21].…”

“…The upward leader is modeled as a channel with a constant average potential gradient obtained from a semi-empirical expression from laboratory experiments [68]. 21 …”

“…The field observations are based on the same dataset used by Whitehead and coauthors [15,[17][18][19][20][21] to calibrate the electrogeometric EGM theory. It corresponds to the observed effective shielding angles of high performance power transmission lines operating in the USA.…”