A Liquid Anode of Lithium Biphenyl for Highly Safe Lithium‐Air Battery with Hybrid Electrolyte

Abstract

A hybrid electrolyte, by uniting aqueous and organic electrolyte with a water‐stable lithium super ionic conductor ceramic (LISICON) plate, was proposed to circumvent the drawbacks of nonaqueous Li‐air batteries, such as corrosion of metallic Li from humidity, decomposition of organic solvents and insoluble discharge products clogging air electrode. However, safety issues deteriorate when the brittle ceramic plate fails to separate organic and aqueous solutions. This study aimed to improve the safety of the hybrid electrolyte based Li‐air battery, by designing a liquid anode of lithium biphenyl (LiBP) replacing the lithium metal as the mild reaction between LiBP and aqueous electrolyte without combustion. Moreover, sputtering Ti layer onto the anodic side of the ceramic plate can improve chemical stability of interface between the liquid anode and solid electrolyte. In this system, the cell exhibited a relatively high discharge voltage of 2.81 V at the current density of 0.5 mA cm−2, as well as a specific power of 1638 W kg−1 at the current density of 6 mA cm−2 by using this liquid anode. The cycling life exceeded over 120 cycles at the current density of 0.5 mA cm−2. The ex situ Raman spectrometry and in situ GC‐MS analyses reveal that the redox reaction of BP−/BP and OH−/O2 in anolyte and catholyte respectively can deliver large capacity during cycling.

On-Site Fluorination for Enhancing Utilization of Lithium in a Lithium–Sulfur Full Battery

“…Thus, it would be desirable to have the rest of active Li in the cathode side and assemble the battery at the discharge state. We employed an in situ lithiation process using lithium biphenyl solution as the Li source . Sulfur impregnated inside the carbon paper would be in situ lithiated to nanoporous Li 2 S on the carbon surface (Figure c,d and Figure S4), providing 2.77 mg of active Li for the full battery.…”

Aprotic lithium air batteries with oxygen-selective membranes

“…From the above discussion and from the literature [120][121][122], it can be suggested that utilization of LAB in electric vehicles is the best possible alternate of the gasoline-based transportation due to its high specific capacity. But their operation is limited due to their side reactions with moisture and carbon dioxide present in the atmosphere [123][124][125]. The presence of moisture in the battery is more dangerous than CO 2.…”

Application of Liquid Metal Electrodes in Electrochemical Energy Storage

“…The prepared organic oxygen cell took advantage of the high electronic conductivity and high ionic conductivity of the Li-BP liquid anode and the special cavity structure of ZIF7 that facilitates rapid ion transport to achieve superior multiplicative performance up to 4 A/g and 100 cycles of stable discharge/charge performance, as shown in Figure 8a. Subsequently in 2020, liquid Li-BP anodes were used in hybrid electrolyte-based lithium−air batteries to improve the safety of the system, and Bao et al 30 further improved the cycling performance of Li-BP anode cells by sputtering a protective Ti layer. The corresponding battery can function well for more than 120 cycles (Figure 8b).…”

“…Copyright 2020 John Wiley and Sons. Panel (b) is reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2020 John Wiley and Sons.…”