A Liquid Fueled, Lean Burn, Gas Turbine Combustor Injector

Shaffar, S. W.; Samuelsen, G. S.

doi:10.1080/00102209808952080

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…31 utilized a wider cross section of 101.6 mm, the 18.0-mm transverse width of the present study corresponds to the gap in the mixing section of the fuel injector used in a lean-burn combustion strategy. 33 The rectangular duct that con ned the cross ow comprised the spray injectionpanel, an opposing stainlesssteel panel, and two side quartz window panes through which the spray was measured. The geometry of the spray injection panel (see Fig.…”

Section: Hardware and Facilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1) was also based on the dimensions of the lean-burnfuel injector described in Ref. 33. A stream of liquidfuel emergesfrom the fuel injector tip through a hole of diameter D fuel D 0:34 mm.…”

Section: Hardware and Facilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because the spray injectionpanel is scaled directly to a research fuel injector used in Ref. 33, it is possible that the nodule does form under practical combusting conditions, in which case such images of the spray structure can provide clues regarding the combustion behavior in relation to the injector.…”

Section: Effect Of Airblast Air At Different Ambient Pressure Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a step toward bridging these experiments with practical applications, the present study is conducted under elevated pressures, with the use of a distillate fuel as the liquid injectant and with the implementation of a con ned cross ow width that corresponds to the gap in an existing fuel injector design. 33 Because the intent of the experiment is to gauge the effect of pressure on the spray jet formation and dispersion, elevated temperatures were not considered to preclude the effect of vaporization on the spray.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Ambient Pressure on an Airblast Spray Injected into a Crossflow

Leong

McDonell

Samuelsen

2001

Journal of Propulsion and Power

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The injection of a fuel spray into a cross stream was studied for its application in rapid fuel-air mixing for lean combustion processes. The fuel is injected as either a discrete stream or as a partially to fully atomized jet of droplets. Of particular interest was the penetration of the outer and inner edges of the spray of liquid fuel into the gaseous airstream. The experiment focused on exploring the effect of ow conditions on the spray surface trajectories from the point of injection to a downstream distance of z/D fuel =35. Tests were conducted under ambient pressures of 1, 3, and 5 atm at atomizing air pressure drops varying from 0 to 4.8% for a jet-A fuel ow of 0.18 g/s and a baseline cross ow air velocity of 38 m/s. A modi ed de nition of the jet-to-cross ow momentum-ux ratio q 2 was developed to accommodate a two-phase jet and was subsequently used to obtain a relationship between the ow conditions and the spray surface trajectories. The effect of the degree of atomization in the spray resulting from the change in operating conditions was incorporated by implementing a pressure ratio correction factor into the correlating equation. Nomenclature A airbl = area associated with the airblast air, assumed as the difference between A spray and A liquid A liquid = area associated with the fuel injection ori ce A spray = area associated with the spray injection ori ce C d = ori ce discharge coef cient c n = correlation constants, n D 0; 1; 2; 3 D fuel = fuel injection ori ce diameter D spray = spray injection ori ce diameter q 1 = single-phase jet-to-cross ow momentum-ux ratio q 2 = two-phase jet-to-cross ow momentum-ux ratio V = velocity We cross = cross ow-associated Weber number ½ air V 2 cross D fuel=¾ x = penetration distance z = downstream distance ½ = density

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Section: Hardware and Facilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hardware and Facilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effect Of Airblast Air At Different Ambient Pressure Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Ambient Pressure on an Airblast Spray Injected into a Crossflow

Leong

McDonell

Samuelsen

2001

Journal of Propulsion and Power

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“…It comprises characteristics found in practical combustors, such as strong recirculations, flame anchoring, intense fuel-air mixing, turbulence-chemistry interactions and static or dynamic instabilities [69,188,189]. From the practical point of view, axisymmetric reverse flow zones have customarily been used in low NOx Lean Premixed Prevaporized (LPP), Lean Direct Injection (LDI) and Dry low NOx gas turbine systems, as well as in furnaces and power plants [17,190,191].…”

Section: Experimental Results: Isothermal Fuel-air Mixing 61 Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental investigation of isothermal and reacting flow characteristics downstream of axisymmetric bluff body stabilizers under stratified or fully premixed inlet mixture conditions

Paterakis¹,

Πατεράκης²

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The current work describes an experimental investigation of isothermal and turbulent reacting flow field characteristics downstream of axisymmetric bluff body stabilizers under a variety of inlet mixture conditions. Fully premixed and stratified flames established downstream of this double cavity premixer/burner configuration were measured and assessed under lean and ultra-lean operating conditions. The aim of this thesis was to further comprehend the impact of stratifying the inlet fuelair mixture on the reacting wake characteristics for a range of practical stabilizers under a variety of inlet fuel-air settings. In the first part of this thesis, the isothermal mean and turbulent flow features downstream of a variety of axisymmetric baffles was initially examined. The effect of different shapes, (cone or disk), blockage ratios, (0.23 and 0.48), and rim thicknesses of these baffles was assessed. The variations of the recirculation zones, back flow velocity magnitude, annular jet ejection angles, wake development, entrainment efficiency, as well as several turbulent flow features were obtained, evaluated and appraised. Next, a comparative examination of the counterpart turbulent cold fuel-air mixing performance and characteristics of stratified against fully-premixed operation was performed for a wide range of baffle geometries and inlet mixture conditions. Scalar mixing and entrainment properties were investigated at the exit plane, at the bluff body annular shear layer, at the reattachment region and along the developing wake were investigated. These isothermal studies provided the necessary background information for clarifying the combustion properties and interpreting the trends in the counterpart turbulent reacting fields. Subsequently, for selected bluff bodies, flame structures and behavior for operation with a variety of reacting conditions were demonstrated. The effect of inlet fuel-air mixture settings, fuel type and bluff body geometry on wake development, flame shape, anchoring and structure, temperatures and combustion efficiencies, over lean and close to blow-off conditions, was presented and analyzed. For the obtained measurements infrared radiation, particle image velocimetry, laser doppler velocimetry, chemiluminescence imaging set-ups, together with Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy, thermocouples and global emission analyzer instrumentation was employed. This helped to delineate a number of factors that affectcold flow fuel-air mixing, flame anchoring topologies, wake structure development and overall burner performance. The presented data will also significantly assist the validation of computational methodologies for combusting flows and the development of turbulence-chemistry interaction models.

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Lean Combustion in Gas Turbines

McDonell

2016

Lean Combustion

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A Liquid Fueled, Lean Burn, Gas Turbine Combustor Injector

Cited by 16 publications

References 12 publications

Effect of Ambient Pressure on an Airblast Spray Injected into a Crossflow

Effect of Ambient Pressure on an Airblast Spray Injected into a Crossflow

Experimental investigation of isothermal and reacting flow characteristics downstream of axisymmetric bluff body stabilizers under stratified or fully premixed inlet mixture conditions

Lean Combustion in Gas Turbines

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