A liquid phosphorus-containing imidazole derivative as flame-retardant curing agent for epoxy resin with enhanced thermal latency, mechanical, and flame-retardant performances

Huo, Siqi; Yang, Shuang; Wang, Jun; Cheng, Jianwen; Zhang, Qianqian; Hu, Yefa; Ding, Guoping; Song, Pingan

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121984

Cited by 304 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Radicals of phosphorus oxides may act as the halogen radicals to quench the high-energy radicals of H and OH in the gas of combustion zone. Moreover, phosphorus oxides may form polyphosphate at high temperature, which is a nonflammable shell segregating the substrate and fire (23)(24)(25)(26)(27). However, according to LCA requirements, FRs with a high level of protection for health and safety should be highly efficient, ecofriendly, show no migration and certainly be nontoxic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of a novel modified chitosan as an intumescent flame retardant for epoxy resin

Xia

et al. 2020

E-Polymers

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AbstractAccording to the concept of fire life cycle assessment (LCA), a new type of intumescent flame retardant was designed and synthesized by chemically bonding chitosan, phosphorus pentoxide and melamine. The resultant compound, chitosan ethoxyl melamine phosphate (CEMP), was characterized by FTIR, 1H NMR, 31P NMR, XRD and SEM. The performance of CEMP and organic montmorillonite (OMMT) was evaluated in the substrate of epoxy resin (EP) with limited oxygen index (LOI), UL-94, cone calorimetric test (CCT), TGA and TG-IR. As a result, intumescent flame retardant EP (EP3) containing 30.6% LOI and V-0 rating was prepared by adding 3 wt% OMMT and 15 wt% CEMP. The CCT results indicated that CEMP and OMMT reduced the peak of heat release rate (PHRR) to about one fourth that of pure EP and total heat release (THR), 1/2. Decomposition of EP and EP3 was traced from 100 to 600°C by TG-IR.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of a novel modified chitosan as an intumescent flame retardant for epoxy resin

Xia

et al. 2020

E-Polymers

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“…However, EPs are also flammable, and this limits their practical applicability 6 . Therefore, improving the flame retardancy of EPs has been an area of focus for researchers for several years 7‐10 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of chicken feather keratin on smoke suppression characteristics and flame retardancy of epoxy resin

Zheng

Zhu

et al. 2020

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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Chicken feather keratin (CK), a biomaterial that contains a large amount of nitrogen is extracted from chicken feathers and has significant potential for use as a flame retardant. In this study, CK and 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) were added in different amounts to an epoxy resin (EP), and their flame retardancy and smoke suppression effects were studied. The results showed that CK

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“…Epoxy resin (EP) is an important thermosetting plastic material because of its excellent adhesion performance, thermal stability and chemical resistance, and so forth. [1][2][3][4][5] Unfortunately, its flammability is a destructive shortcoming in some applications. [6][7][8][9] Hence, EP needs to be modified with flame retardants (FRs) to meet the requirements of fire protection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flame retardancy and pyrolysis behavior of an epoxy resin composite flame‐retarded by diphenylphosphinyl‐POSS

Zhai

Xin

Li-yun

et al. 2020

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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To reduce the flammability of epoxy resin (EP), a flame retardant (designated as D‐POSS) containing diphenylphosphinyl and polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) was constructed by aminopropyl‐isobutyl POSS and diphenylphosphinyl chloride. The chemical structure of D‐POSS was fully characterized, then it was used to enhance the flame retardancy of EP. When the flame‐retardant EP composite contained 4 wt% D‐POSS, its limiting oxygen index value was 29.0% and it achieved UL 94 V‐1 rating. Also, its peak of heat release rate (pk‐HRR), total heat release (THR) and total smoke production were decreased by 35.3%, 30.3%, and 38.3%, respectively. Moreover, the results from cone calorimeter disclosed that diphenylphosphinyl group and POSS group in D‐POSS showed a strong synergistic effect in inhibiting pk‐HRR, THR, and smoke production, promoting the charring formation of EP material, and forming an intumescent char layer. Additionally, the theoretical THR reduction of flame‐retardant EP composite was calculated by the equation deduced from the standard, and it was almost same with the practical THR reduction. Notably, some silicon oxide enriched on the residue's surface. The phenomenon led to form a double‐layer residue that consisted of white yarn‐like outer char and normal intumescent inner char. This double‐layer residue was contributed to enhance EP composite's flame retardancy.

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A liquid phosphorus-containing imidazole derivative as flame-retardant curing agent for epoxy resin with enhanced thermal latency, mechanical, and flame-retardant performances

Cited by 304 publications

References 40 publications

Synthesis of a novel modified chitosan as an intumescent flame retardant for epoxy resin

Synthesis of a novel modified chitosan as an intumescent flame retardant for epoxy resin

Effects of chicken feather keratin on smoke suppression characteristics and flame retardancy of epoxy resin

Flame retardancy and pyrolysis behavior of an epoxy resin composite flame‐retarded by diphenylphosphinyl‐POSS

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