A list of the fishes of Pennsylvania

Abstract

BY HENRY W. FOWLER. The present paper is a summary of the data accumulated during the past twenty years, presented in condensed form, so that the distribution of each species may be traced so far as present details permit. For this reason they are arranged according to the various hydrographic basins with only the counties mentioned, additional records, where noteworthy, being supplied in parentheses. The work is therefore intended as a slight contribution to the distribution of our local fishes. Like many departments of natural history the founding of the binomial system by Carl von Linne in 1758 first establishes several fishes from Philadelphia. Alexander Wilson contributes the first notice of shad and alewife in the article on ichthyology in Ree's Encyclopaedia, to which he secured an assistant editorship in 1806. His article was published about 1812. Charles Alexandre Le Sueur is the first to carefully study the fishes of this State, much of his material doubtless having been secured near Philadelphia. He is credited with sixteen of our species, while eight other names he proposes are synonyms. Constantine Samuel Rafinesque described many of our species in his Ichtlyologia Ohiensis. The localities given are seldom definite and usually would apply to the entire Ohio basin. He has described twenty-three of our species, besides fourteen synonyms. Several of our species are also described by Achille Valenciennes, in colaboration with Baron Cuvier, in the great Histoire Naturelle des Poissons. Samuel Stehman Haldeman studied the fauna of the lower Susquehanna, though his contributions to ichthyology are rather incidental. He was signally unfortunate Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. in that the four species he described were all anticipated. Charles Girard was a frequent contributor to North American ichthyology, and though he described two species from our limits both are synonyms. Spencer Fullerton Baird published a few notes on Pennsylvania fishes and the only one he described added another synonym to our well known fall-fish. The serious study of Pennsylvania fishes, however, begins with Edward Drinker Cope in his elaborate memoir the "Synopsis of the Cyprinidae of Pennsylvania. "^L ater he attempted "The Fishes of Pennsylvania, "^i ntended as a partly popular descriptive catalogue, apparently modeled from Jordan's Manual of Vertebrates. This work, likely valuable at the time of its publication, is chiefly useful for the notes on habits, etc. Cope described fourteen valid species and five synonyms. In this connection mention should be made of Jacob Stauffer, of Lancaster, who discovered two interesting fishes in his region, which were described by Cope. Stauffer's only contribution appears as his list of the fishes of Lancaster County.' This work is often faulty in the obscurity of determinations of many species. For instance, our common white catfish is described no less than three times. Tarleton Hoffman Bean gives a descriptive account^somewhat like Cope's. It is similarly marred by the ...

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