A literature review of Explicit Demand Flexibility providing energy services

Freire-Barceló, Teresa; Martínez, Francisco Martín; Sánchez-Miralles, Álvaro

doi:10.1016/j.epsr.2022.107953

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…As can be seen, there are still many obstacles to fully implementing aggregated DR in the EU [27][28][29][30][31][32][33]. In 2016, as mentioned in [27], an open and competitive market must be required to increase the DR concept in this sector, highlighting the urgency of the full implementation of the Third Energy Package.…”

Section: Europementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The consumer's capabilities should match the market's needs, moving away from the model where the generation was the center and trying to balance the potential from both [32]. It is considered that a standardized process between Balance Responsible Parties and aggregators can be essential since creating a bridge to the energy market to these entities [33].…”

Section: Europementioning

confidence: 99%

“…With this, the key factors required for the successful implementation of DR in Europe include creating an open and competitive market for DR, adapting regulations and market products to support DR, empowering the demand side, and standardizing processes between Balance Responsible Parties and aggregators [27][28][29][30][31][32][33].…”

Section: Europementioning

confidence: 99%

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Demand Response Implementation: Overview of Europe and United States Status

Silva¹,

Faria²,

Vale³

2023

Energies

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The authors review the efforts made in the last five years to implement Demand Response (DR) programs, considering and studying several models and countries. As motivation, climate change has been a topic widely discussed in the last decades, namely in the power and energy sectors. Therefore, it is crucial to substitute non-renewable fuels with more environment-friendly solutions. Enabling Distributed Generation (DG), namely using renewable resources such as wind and solar, can be part of the solution to reduce the greenhouse effects. However, their unpredictable behavior might result in several problems for network management. Therefore, the consumer should become more flexible towards this new paradigm where the generation no longer follows the demand requests. With this, Demand Response (DR) concept is created as part of this solution. This paper studies the European Union and United States’ current status, with over 50 references.

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Section: Europementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Europementioning

confidence: 99%

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Demand Response Implementation: Overview of Europe and United States Status

Silva¹,

Faria²,

Vale³

2023

Energies

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“…The MC&ESB method proposed in this paper provides demand aggregators with a way to determine how much power they could offer in electricity markets that allow demand-side participation. Several European countries have opened their markets to consumers participation, such us United Kingdom, Belgium, Germany or Sweden [3], [24]. Here, we focus on Spanish electricity balance markets (SEBM), managed by Red Eléctrica de España (REE).…”

Section: Demand-side Participation In Sebmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexibility Management with Virtual Batteries of Thermostatically Controlled Loads: Real-Time Control System and Potential in Spain

2021

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Load flexibility management is a promising approach to face the problem of balancing generation and demand in electrical grids. This problem is becoming increasingly difficult due to the variability of renewable energies. Thermostatically-controlled loads can be aggregated and managed by a virtual battery, and they provide a cost-effective and efficient alternative to physical storage systems to mitigate the inherent variability of renewable energy sources. However virtual batteries require that an accurate control system is capable of tracking frequency regulation signals with minimal error. A real-time control system allowing virtual batteries to accurately track frequency or power signals is developed. The performance of this controller is validated for a virtual battery composed of 1000 thermostatically-controlled loads. Using virtual batteries equipped with the developed controller, a study focused on residential thermostatically-controlled loads in Spain is performed. The results of the study quantify the potential of this technology in a country with different climate areas and provides insight about the feasibility of virtual batteries as enablers of electrical systems with high levels of penetration of renewable energy sources.

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“…Flexibility on the user side is deemed the key to implementing active management solutions for better utilization of distribution grids to reduce the impact of limited grid capabilities. Demand side flexibility is studied worldwide, and the literature on it is huge; a recent review can be found in [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexibility Aggregation Perimeter for Ancillary Services in Radial Distribution Systems

Casolino

Losi

2023

IEEE Access

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The flexibility provided by prosumers is recognized as a key element for the management of the electrical grids, in particular distribution grids, in the changing scenario of electricity generation and consumption. The flexibility useful to Distribution System Operators (DSOs) is strongly local, and it is necessary to identify the busses of the grid where the flexibility can be usefully provided for a service requested by the DSO. For this purpose, the concept of flexibility perimeter is adopted; it is defined as a set of busses such that flexibility can be provided by any set of prosumers within it while the grid operation remains secure. The flexibility perimeter is a relevant concept for flexibility markets; in particular, for aggregators, since the flexibility provided by the prosumers within the perimeter can be offered as a single product to participants to electricity markets requiring grid services. The identification of flexibility aggregation perimeters for congestion-relief services in a radial grid is straightforward; for flexibility services intended to solve voltage profile problems, the identification of perimeters is not easy, even in radial grids. The paper proposes a method for the identification and evaluation of flexibility perimeters for grid services in radial distribution grids, based on the concept of Load Area; it can help decision-makers choose a compromise between technical and market efficiency of the aggregation perimeter dimension. For voltage This article has been accepted for publication in IEEE Access.

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A literature review of Explicit Demand Flexibility providing energy services

Cited by 17 publications

References 48 publications

Demand Response Implementation: Overview of Europe and United States Status

Demand Response Implementation: Overview of Europe and United States Status

Flexibility Management with Virtual Batteries of Thermostatically Controlled Loads: Real-Time Control System and Potential in Spain

Flexibility Aggregation Perimeter for Ancillary Services in Radial Distribution Systems

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