A Literature Review of Neospora caninum Infection in Humans

Abstract

Background: Neosporosis is a parasitic disease caused by Neospora caninum. This parasite is an obligate intracellular coccidia similar to Toxoplasma gondii with a global distribution. With regard to the experimental studies, vertical transmission of the parasite in the monkey (non-human primates) has increased the concern about the zoonotic potential of this disease. The principal aim of the current research was to perform a mini-review on investigations regarding the Neospora infection in humans on a global scale for the first time. Methods: All peer-reviewed articles (published until April 2021) on the Neospora infection in humans were searched in English databases such as Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Scopus, PubMed, and ProQuest. Results: Based on data in the available articles, the presence of antibodies against the Neospora infection was between 0 and 37.7% in people from different countries. The seroprevalence rate of this infection in HIV-positive individuals was higher (26.6% and 37.7%) compared to other cases. Finally, the genomic DNA of Neospora was detected up to 1% using molecular biology techniques. Conclusions: Overall, the detection of anti-Neospora antibodies in humans indicated that people have been exposed to the parasite. Comprehensive research studies are essential for clarifying the risk factors associated with the Neospora infection in humans. This report provides the baseline information for future researchers. Molecular investigations and genotypic works on N. caninum isolates are highly recommended as well.

A Review on Torilis japonica: Ethnomedicinal, Phytochemical, and Biological Features

“…Neospora is an obligate intracellular parasite that was first isolated from dogs in 1984 and it is a common cause of abortion in wildlife. [58,59] Youn et al (2003) analyzed the in vitro anti-protozoal activity of the ethanolic extract of T. Japonica against T. gondii, and N. caninum tachyzoites in concentrations ranging from 625 to 19.5 ng/mL. [60] The ethanolic extract suppressed N. caninum proliferation by 97.8, 97.9, 85.3, and 46.4 %, and T. gondii proliferation by 99.3, 95.5, 73.0, and 54.0 % in the range 156 to 19.5 ng/mL.…”

“…Neospora is an obligate intracellular parasite that was first isolated from dogs in 1984 and it is a common cause of abortion in wildlife [58,59] . Youn et al.…”

Seroprevalence and associated risk factors of bovine neosporosis in the Khomas region of Namibia

“…Neospora caninum is an obligate intracellular coccidian parasite of the Apicomplexa phylum and Toxoplasmatidae family, which occurs worldwide (Dubey et al 1988 ; Gharekhani et al 2021 ; Goodswen, Kennedy & Ellis 2013 ). The parasite primarily infects dogs and cattle as well as all major domestic livestock species, companion animals, chickens, sparrows, wildlife and captive animals, including deer, rhinoceros, rodents, rabbits, coyotes, dingos, wolves and foxes (Donahoe et al 2015 ; Fereig & Nishikawa 2020 ; McAllister 2022 ).…”