A Literature Review on Walkability and its Theoretical Framework. Emerging Perspectives for Research Developments

Annunziata, Alfonso; Garau, Chiara

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-58820-5_32

Cited by 25 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Pedestrian movements are an important segment of the entire urban mobility and sustainable urban planning and design has to consider walkability of urban spaces as an important issue. The analysis and evaluation of walkability is the subject of numerous works in the literature [1,2]. Different works show evaluations of walkability through specific indicators [1][2][3] also developed through some software tools for the evaluation of walkability [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Models for Children—Pedestrian Crossing Speed at Signalized Crosswalks

et al. 2021

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Modeling the behavior of pedestrians is an important tool in the analysis of their behavior and consequently ensuring the safety of pedestrian traffic. Children pedestrians show specific traffic behavior which is related to cognitive development, and the parameters that affect their traffic behavior are very different. The aim of this paper is to develop a model of the children-pedestrian’s speed at a signalized pedestrian crosswalk. For the same set of data collected in the city of Osijek—Croatia, two models were developed based on neural network and multiple linear regression. In both cases the models are based on 300 data of measured children speed at signalized pedestrian crosswalks on primary city roads located near a primary school. As parameters, both models include the selected traffic infrastructure features and children’s characteristics and their movements. The models are validated on data collected on the same type of pedestrian crosswalks, using the same methodology in two other urban environments—the city of Rijeka, Croatia and Enna in Italy. It was shown that the neural network model, developed for Osijek, can be applied with sufficient reliability to the other two cities, while the multiple linear regression model is applicable with relatively satisfactory reliability only in Rijeka. A comparative analysis of the statistical indicators of reliability of these two models showed that better results are achieved by the neural network model.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Models for Children—Pedestrian Crossing Speed at Signalized Crosswalks

et al. 2021

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“…The indicators in this tool are based on historical data between 1990 and 2010 for the gross population density that reflects the concentration of services and public transit in close proximity, street intersection density as an indicator of street network connectivity, and destination accessibility including access to transportation nodes. The webbased walk scoring is another important tool assessing walkability macroscale indicators usually through quantitative parameters including intersection density, population density, and distance from amenities (Annunziata et al 2020 andGarau et al 2020). Walk scoring is usually utilized in assessing "walking friendless" in the design process of neighborhoods (Sustainable Design Lab 2020).…”

Section: Walkability Microscale and Macroscale Assessment Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, it is evident now that pedestrian-friendly communities have enhanced community connectedness and social capital due to the initiated social interlinked relations and networks among residents (Rogers et al 2013;Masoud 2011;Paranagamage et al 2014;Mazumdar et al 2018). Accordingly, Annunziata et al (2020) and Garau et al (2020) argued that walkability has an ethical significance as it affects people's well-being through positively shaping their physical and social capabilities and also providing them with healthy aging.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For a neighborhood to be walkable both of its 'macroscale' and 'microscale' walkability measures should be achieved. Annunziata et al (2020) and Garau et al (2020) dubbed the macroscale indicators as 'contextual factors' including accessibility to amenities and transit, pedestrian network configuration, and land-use. Meanwhile, they described the microscale indicators as 'intrinsic factors' including sidewalks width and ramps, quality of walkway surfaces, and street furniture.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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More dense but less walkable: the impact of macroscale walkability indicators on recent designs of emirati neighborhoods

Ahmed

Alipour

2021

City Territ Archit

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With the aim to enhance sustainability in general including walkability, the recent urban forms of the designs of the Emirati neighborhoods have been denser and more compact, if compared with the older design models. While there are various guidelines and regulations related to the microscale walkability measures for the urban design of neighborhoods in the Emirates but unfortunately the macroscale walkability measures have not received similar attention. So, to investigate how would these denser and more compact recent neighborhoods designs better perform regarding walkability macroscale measures, the research utilized the urban modelling interface (UMI) walkability simulation tool to calculate the UMI Walkscores of these designs because it considers almost all macroscale factors including both urban morphology and urban planning measures and it also allows for the customization of the types, required catchment distances, and weights of the significance of locally provided amenities. The UMI Walkscores were calculated for the six recent denser and more compact neighborhoods designs and were compared with the UMI Walkscore for a conventionally designed model of urban sprawling neighborhoods. Unexpectedly, it has been found out that urban compactness per se is not a sufficient design measure for enhancing walkability in local neighborhood designs, where much higher compactness and density have achieved disappointing UMI Walkscores. So, it seems that for the recent neighborhoods’ designs, little attention was paid to the impact of the street network connectivity measures of Intersection Density, Block Length and the link-to-nodes ratio, on UMI Walkscores, if compared with the main attention paid to increasing FAR through decreasing plot sizes. Meanwhile, the explicit macroscale urban planning measures including the land-use factors of the types, numbers, and the location of amenities, as well as the implicit factors of their destination and global weights seem to be more influential in enhancing the UMI Walkscores but have been less considered when planning these neighborhoods. So, besides considering well-known macroscale urban morphology aspects of street network connectivity and locational distribution of provided amenities, boosting walkability macroscale measures on the design level requires adopting a set of adequately customized measures including the appropriate values of their global and distribution weights. These walkability design weights should be also resilient and continuously reviewed to satisfy the changing needs of the local communities. Based on its findings, the research proposed a five-actions plan to help boost walkability macroscale measures in the design of local urban communities in the UAE.

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“…Second, most of the data and indicators are implemented in urban divisions such as neighborhood units. Annunziata and Garau (2020) investigated walkability based on four concepts: capability, affordance, configuration, and urban ethics. They found that these concepts could be conductive in operationalizing walkability and developing methodological frameworks.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying walking capability: a novel aggregated index based on spatial perspective and analyses

Motieyan

Kaviari

Mostofi

2022

Papers in Regional Science

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Urbanization and modernization of services in the world triggers decrement in the physical activities of citizens. The most common solution for this decrement is improving walking capacity in neighborhoods to engage the citizens in walking activity. In this research, a novel model is presented to quantify walkability based on several necessary criteria and indicators considering the physical and non-physical conditions. For this model, promising sciences, including GIS, RS, and MCDM, are utilized to compute indicators and aggregate them in the form of a spatial index in a central region of Tehran, Iran, at the neighborhood scale. For evaluating the result, the obtained walkability level is compared to the physical structure of neighborhoods, previous works, housing price along with some other socio-economic parameters, and municipal action plan in the neighborhoods. These evaluations show that the outcome of the proposed model is a robust tool for walkability planning.

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A Literature Review on Walkability and its Theoretical Framework. Emerging Perspectives for Research Developments

Cited by 25 publications

References 46 publications

Development of Models for Children—Pedestrian Crossing Speed at Signalized Crosswalks

Development of Models for Children—Pedestrian Crossing Speed at Signalized Crosswalks

More dense but less walkable: the impact of macroscale walkability indicators on recent designs of emirati neighborhoods

Quantifying walking capability: a novel aggregated index based on spatial perspective and analyses

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