A Lithium-Ion Battery Electro-Thermal Model of Parallellized Cells

Unballanced Performance of Parallel Connected Large Format Lithium Ion Batteries for Electric Vehicle Application

“…Lithium ion batteries have become the dominant battery technology for automotive industry due to their high energy density, high power density, long life time and excellent storage capabilities [1]. The main concerns regarding lithium ion batteries are cost, life time, reliability and safety [2]. The performance of electric vehicles (EVs) is mainly dependent on a battery pack rather than a single cell, as an ESS includes a high number of cells connected in series and parallel [3,4].…”

“…The current battery management systems (BMS) do not consider variations of state of health (SOH) and SOC within the parallel cells, as they have a common terminal voltage. However this assumption may result in further degradation and over-charging/discharging hazards for individual cells [2,8].…”

Battery Pack Design Problems - Influence of the Transverse Magnetic Field on Internal Battery Resistance

“…that is dependent on the total battery block electric current time change and the heat source in battery cell that cause an additional degradation of the batteries chemical reaction. [4] a) b) c)…”

“…Hall effect ion path allocation in electro-lyte as result of imposing transverse magnetic field and electric field current flowEquation (1) presents the Ohmic law for Lumped model(Fig.4) of the single electric circuit with modelled battery cell as voltage source dependant on the cell current[4].…”

Coupled electric and thermal batteries models using energetic macroscopic representation (EMR) for range estimation in electric vehicles

“…The cell dispersion (i.e. the slight differences for electric parameters between cells grouped in a battery [14]) is not considered as we just model a battery composed of one cell for this study. Therefore a simple Thevenin model is chosen.…”