A Live Attenuated West Nile Virus Strain as a Potential Veterinary Vaccine

Lustig, Shlomo; Olshevsky, Udy; Ben‐Nathan, D.; Lachmi, Bat-El; Malkinson, M.; Kobiler, David; Halevy, M.

doi:10.1089/vim.2000.13.401

Cited by 62 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Other investigators have developed WNV candidate vaccines based on live viruses [16,17,20,22], inactivated virus [21], DNA molecules [15], or envelope proteins produced in bacterial [18] and insect (Drosophila) cell expression systems [19]. Except for the latter system, there are intrinsic difficulties associated with each of these candidate vaccines.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several candidate WNV vaccines are in various stages of research and development. These include: (i) a "naked" DNA vaccine encoding the prM and E genes [15]; (ii) a live, attenuated dengue serotype 4-WNV chimera [16]; (iii) a live attenuated Yellow Fever-WNV chimera [17]; (iv) a recombinant envelope protein vaccine expressed in E. coli [18] and Drosophila cells [19]; (v) a live, attenuated WNV (veterinary) vaccine [20]; (vi) a formalininactivated WNV (veterinary) vaccine [21]; and a canarypox virus vectored vaccine [22]. Scientists at Hawaii Biotech have successfully used a proprietary method of expression to produce recombinant envelope proteins from flaviviruses, such as dengue serotypes 1-4, JEV, hepatitis C, and WNV [23][24][25][26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preparation and immunogenic properties of a recombinant West Nile subunit vaccine

Lieberman

Clements

Ogata

et al. 2007

Vaccine

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While several West Nile vaccines are being developed, none are yet available for humans. In this study aimed at developing a vaccine for humans, West Nile virus (WNV) envelope protein (E) and non-structural protein 1 (NS1) were produced in the Drosophila S2 cell expression system. The Cterminal 20% of the E protein, which contains the membrane anchor portion, was deleted, thus allowing for efficient secretion of the truncated protein (80E) into the cell culture medium. The proteins were purified by immunoaffinity chromatography (IAC) using monoclonal antibodies that were flavivirus envelope protein group specific (for the 80E) or flavivirus NS1 group specific (for NS1). The purified proteins were produced in high yield and used in conjunction with adjuvant formulations to vaccinate mice. The mice were tested for both humoral and cellular immune responses by a plaque reduction neutralization test and ELISA, and by lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine production assays, respectively. The results revealed that the 80E and the NS1 proteins induced both high-titered ELISA and neutralizing antibodies in mice. Splenocytes from immunized mice, cultured in vitro with the vaccine antigens as stimulants, showed excellent proliferation and production of cytokines . The level of antigen-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine production was comparable to the level obtained from mitogen (phytohemagglutinin or pokeweed) stimulation, indicating a robust cellular response as well. These findings are encouraging and warrant further in vivo studies to determine the protective efficacy of the WNV vaccine candidate.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and immunogenic properties of a recombinant West Nile subunit vaccine

Lieberman

Clements

Ogata

et al. 2007

Vaccine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Prototype live attenuated WNV vaccines have been developed by repetitive passage of virus in mosquito cells in the presence of a neutralising monoclonal antibody [55]. This vaccine showed capacity to protect against WNV infection in geese.…”

Section: Immune Responses and Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

West Nile virus infection of horses

2004

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-West Nile virus (WNV) is a flavivirus closely related to Japanese encephalitis and St. Louis encephalitis viruses that is primarily maintained in nature by transmission cycles between mosquitoes and birds. Occasionally, WNV infects and causes disease in other vertebrates, including humans and horses. West Nile virus has re-emerged as an important pathogen as several recent outbreaks of encephalomyelitis have been reported from different parts of Europe in addition to the large epidemic that has swept across North America. This review summarises the main features of WNV infection in the horse, with reference to complementary information from other species, highlighting the most recent scientific findings and identifying areas that require further research.

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“…However, in some of these studies, mice immunized with recombinant protein succumbed to high dose WNV challenge, suggesting that the efficacy of subunit vaccination may be limited by a failure to stimulate CD8 + T cell immunity. Live-attenuated WNV vaccines derived by serial passage have also been evaluated: vaccination with an attenuated Israeli isolate protected mice and geese from lethal challenge with a virulent WNV stain [27,28]. A plasmid expressing the fulllength genome of an attenuated Kunjin strain of WNV was also protective in mice [29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relative contribution of antibody and CD8+ T cells to vaccine immunity against West Nile encephalitis virus

Shrestha

Chu

et al. 2008

Vaccine

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West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito borne, neurotropic flavivirus that causes a severe central nervous system (CNS) infection in humans and animals. Although commercial vaccines are available for horses, none is currently approved for human use. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy and mechanism of immune protection of two candidate WNV vaccines in mice. A formalin-inactivated WNV vaccine induced higher levels of specific and neutralizing antibodies compared to a DNA plasmid vaccine that produces virus-like particles. Accordingly, partial and almost complete protection against a highly stringent lethal intracranial WNV challenge were observed in mice 60 days after single dose immunization with the DNA plasmid and inactivated virus vaccines, respectively. In mice immunized with a single dose of DNA plasmid or inactivated vaccine, antigenspecific CD8 + T cells were induced and contributed to protective immunity as acquired or genetic deficiencies of CD8 + T cells lowered the survival rates. In contrast, in boosted animals, WNVspecific antibody titers were higher, survival rates after challenge were greater, and an absence of CD8 + T cells did not appreciably affect mortality. Overall, our experiments suggest that in mice, both inactivated WNV and DNA plasmid vaccines are protective after two doses, and the specific contribution of antibody and CD8 + T cells to vaccine immunity against WNV is modulated by the prime-boost strategy.

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A Live Attenuated West Nile Virus Strain as a Potential Veterinary Vaccine

Cited by 62 publications

References 23 publications

Preparation and immunogenic properties of a recombinant West Nile subunit vaccine

Preparation and immunogenic properties of a recombinant West Nile subunit vaccine

West Nile virus infection of horses

The relative contribution of antibody and CD8+ T cells to vaccine immunity against West Nile encephalitis virus

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