A Long Term Experiment with Rats on a Human Dietary

Orr, J. S.; Thomson, William; Garry, R. C.

doi:10.1017/s0022172400032502

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Moreover, such suboptimal conditions may find expression in patient ill health, not in the first but in succeeding generations.'' 3 To overcome the difficulties of such confounding effects, he and his Scottish colleagues 3 conducted one of the earliest scientific studies of maternal nutrition using a rat model. Pregnant rats were fed either the typical diet of the Scottish poor working class or the same diet supplemented with green vegetables and milk.…”

Section: Animal Experimentsvthe Earliest Work In Maternal Nutritionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Four generations of rats were studied while they were fed these 2 diets to determine the cumulative effects of the diets on the dams and pups over time. 3 When compared with rats consuming the workingclass diet, the supplemented rats had increased appetite during pregnancy, fewer stillborns, and larger litter weights. The pups of the supplemented rats also had fewer infections after birth.…”

Section: Animal Experimentsvthe Earliest Work In Maternal Nutritionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Maternal Nutrition and Pregnancy Outcome—A Look Back

2015

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What to eat during pregnancy has been a topic of interest for centuries. Initially, there were many philosophical beliefs about what pregnant women should eat to avoid ''marking'' their baby. Observations that poor women tended to have worse pregnancy outcomes than did women with adequate incomes showed that the quality of the mother's diet was linked to the baby's health. Natural experiments, such as severe food deprivation during World War II, further demonstrated the critical role of maternal nutrition in pregnancy outcomes. Shortly thereafter, researchers showed that prepregnancy nutrition also influenced the course of pregnancy with underweight women tending to have poor outcomes. These findings were the foundation for establishing programs providing dietary counseling and food supplements to at-risk pregnant women. The first major program was in Montreal, which became the basis for the US WIC (Women, Infants, and Children) program that started in 1972 and continues to today. Numerous food or nutrient intervention trials were done over the next 40 years demonstrating that providing undernourished women with nutrient-rich foods improved fetal growth. Supplementation with iron, folate, or micronutrient tended to have smaller effects. Looking back over the historical studies of maternal nutrition provides insights for how to move forward. The data suggest that intervening prior to conception, as well as during pregnancy, improves the baby's growth and long-term health especially in underweight or undernourished women. Thus, prenatal nutrition programs should span the woman's reproductive cycle rather than pregnancy alone. Nutr Today. 2015;50(5):221Y229

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Section: Animal Experimentsvthe Earliest Work In Maternal Nutritionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Animal Experimentsvthe Earliest Work In Maternal Nutritionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Nutrition and Pregnancy Outcome—A Look Back

2015

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Animal Models of Diverticulosis: Review and Recommendations

et al. 2018

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Diverticulosis is a structural alteration of the colon tissue characterized by the development of pouch-like structures called diverticula. It afflicts a significant portion of the population in Western countries, with a higher prevalence among the elderly. Diverticulosis is believed to be the result of a synergetic interaction between inherent tissue weakness, diet, colonic microstructure, motility, and genetic factors. A validated etiology has, however, not yet been established. Non-surgical treatment is currently lacking due to this poor understanding, and surgical colon resection is the only long-term solution following recurrent complications. With rising prevalence, the burden of diverticulosis on patients and hospital resources has increased over the past several years. More efficient and less invasive treatment approaches are, thus, urgently needed. Animal models of diverticulosis are crucial to enable a preclinical assessment and evaluation of such novel approaches. This review discusses the animal models of diverticulosis that have been proposed to date. The current models require either a significant amount of time to develop diverticulosis, present a relatively low success rate, or seriously deteriorate the animals' systemic health. Recommendations are thus provided to address these pitfalls through the selection of a suitable animal and the combination of multiple risk factors for diverticulosis.

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Variations in fertility associated with changes in health status

Baird¹

1965

Journal of Chronic Diseases

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A Long Term Experiment with Rats on a Human Dietary

Cited by 8 publications

References 32 publications

Maternal Nutrition and Pregnancy Outcome—A Look Back

Maternal Nutrition and Pregnancy Outcome—A Look Back

Animal Models of Diverticulosis: Review and Recommendations

Variations in fertility associated with changes in health status

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