A long-term lysimeter experiment to investigate the environmental dispersion of the herbicide chloridazon and its metabolites—comparison of lysimeter types

Schuhmann, Andrea; Gans, Oliver; Weiß, Stefan; Fank, Johann; Klammler, Gernot; Haberhauer, Georg; Gerzabek, Martin H.

doi:10.1007/s11368-015-1311-3

Cited by 26 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Jablonowski et al (2009) and Vonberg et al (2014) found up to 1.0 and 0.2 μg kg −1 atrazine, respectively, in the topsoil >20 yr after the last application. A number of studies have observed a soil‐bound residue fraction of other pesticides such as ethidimuron ( N ‐[5‐(ethylsulfonyl)‐1,3,4‐thiadiazol‐2‐yl]‐ N,N ′‐dimethylurea), methabenzthiazuron ( N ‐2‐benzothiazolyl‐ N,N ′‐dimethylurea), anilazine [4,6‐dichloro‐ N ‐(2‐chlorophenyl)‐1,3,5‐triazin‐2‐amine] (Jablonowski et al, 2012), and chloridazon [5‐amino‐4‐chloro‐2‐phenyl‐3(2 H )‐pyridazinone] (Schuhmann et al, 2016). However, even long‐term immobilized compounds may be accessible to degradation by microorganisms (Jablonowski et al, 2008) and may also be released back to the soil solution.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Lysimeters offer a greater degree of control over environmental factors and solute mass balances can be properly established. Pesticide environmental behavior and fate in soils have been studied in numerous lysimeters studies (Bowman, 1990; Dousset et al, 1995; Vink et al, 1997; Francaviglia and Capri, 2000; Renaud et al, 2004; Kasteel et al, 2010; Schuhmann et al, 2016). Outdoor lysimeters are subject to climatic conditions similar to those of the surrounding field and provide information regarding the transport, plant uptake, and degradation of solutes under relevant soil water content regimes and crop production practices.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Adsorbing vs. Nonadsorbing Tracers for Assessing Pesticide Transport in Arable Soils

Torrentó

Prasuhn

Spiess

et al. 2017

Vadose Zone Journal

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Core Ideas Atrazine preferential flow shortly after application was governed by soil type. Injection of atrazine at depth enhanced preferential flow. Uranine realistically illustrated the rapid and significant atrazine breakthrough. In reserve, bromide mimicked early atrazine breakthrough only with moraine soil. Using dye tracers as pesticide surrogates might assist in making sustainable decisions. The suitability of two different tracers to mimic the behavior of pesticides in agricultural soils and to evidence the potential for preferential flow was evaluated in outdoor lysimeter experiments. The herbicide atrazine [6‐chloro‐N‐ethyl‐N′‐(1‐methylethyl)‐1,3,5‐triazine‐2,4‐diamine] was used as a model compound. Two tracers were used: a nonadsorbing tracer (bromide) and a weakly adsorbing dye tracer (uranine). Two soils that are expected to show a different extent of macropore preferential flow were used: a well‐drained sandy‐loamy Cambisol (gravel soil) and a poorly drained loamy Cambisol (moraine soil). Conditions for preferential flow were promoted by applying heavy simulated rainfall shortly after pesticide application. In some of the experiments, preferential flow was also artificially simulated by injecting the solutes through a narrow tube below the root zone. With depth injection, preferential leaching of atrazine occurred shortly after application in both soil types, whereas with surface application, it occurred only in the moraine soil. Thereafter, atrazine transport was mainly through the porous soil matrix, although contributions of preferential flow were also observed. For all the application approaches and soil types, after 900 d, <3% of the applied amount of atrazine was recovered in the drainage water. Only uranine realistically illustrated the early atrazine breakthrough by transport through preferential flow. Uranine broke through during the first intense irrigation at the same time as atrazine. Bromide, however, appeared earlier than atrazine in some cases. The use of dye tracers as pesticide surrogates might assist in making sustainable decisions with respect to pesticide application timing relative to rainfall or soil potential for preferential flow.

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confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Adsorbing vs. Nonadsorbing Tracers for Assessing Pesticide Transport in Arable Soils

Torrentó

Prasuhn

Spiess

et al. 2017

Vadose Zone Journal

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“…Leachate was collected at a depth of 180 cm by seven suction cups (total surface 3600 cm 2 ), which were controlled by a vacuum pump operated to mimic matrix potentials measured next to the lysimeter at a depth of 180 cm. The lysimeter setup has been repeatedly described in detail (Klammler and Fank 2014, Schuhmann et al 2016, Kupfersberger et al 2018. The lysimeter was located within a test plot of 1000 m 2 area, which was cultivated with a crop rotation consisting of maize (2010, 2012, 2014), triticale (2011, 2015) and pumpkin (2013).…”

Section: Experimental Site and Pesticide Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Soil samples at depths of 0-30 cm were taken from the lysimeter surface before the herbicide applications in 2010 and 2012. Immediately after the Schuhmann et al (2016). Soil samples were extracted with a modified QuEChERS method specified in Fuhrmann et al (2014), and the resulting extracts were quantified according to the liquid chromatographymass spectrometry methods described in Fuhrmann et al (2014) and Schuhmann et al (2016).…”

Section: Experimental Site and Pesticide Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation and leaching of bentazone, terbuthylazine and S-metolachlor and some of their metabolites: A long-term lysimeter experiment

Schuhmann¹,

Klammler²,

Weiß³

et al. 2019

Plant Soil Environ.

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The degradation and leaching of bentazone, terbuthylazine and S-metolachlor and their metabolites N-methyl-bentazone, desethyl-terbuthylazine, 2-hydroxy-terbuthylazine, metolachlor ethane sulfonic acid (ESA) and metolachlor oxanilic acid (OA) were investigated using the plant protection products Artett (bentazone/terbuthylazine), Gardo Gold (S-metolachlor/terbuthylazine) and Dual Gold (S-metolachlor) applied to a weighable, monolithic, high precision lysimeter with a loamy, sandy soil. Artett and Gardo Gold were applied at higher doses than recommended according to good agricultural practice. In leachate, S-metolachlor was detected at concentrations of up to 0.15 µg/L, whereas metolachlor-ESA and metolachlor-OA were present at higher concentrations of up to 37 µg/L and 8.4 µg/L, respectively. In a second terbuthylazine application, concentrations of desethyl-terbuthylazine of up to 0.1 µg/L were detected. In soil, bentazone degraded faster than terbuthylazine and S-metolachlor, whereas the metabolization of terbuthylazine after the second application resulted in an enhanced formation of desethyl-terbuthylazine and a highly increased hydroxylation of terbuthylazine. The importance of analysing both parent compounds and metabolites on a long-term scale was demonstrated to better understand the environmental fate and transport.

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“…Jablonowski et al (2009) and Vonberg et al (2014) found up to 1.0 and 0.2 mg kg −1 atrazine, respectively, in the topsoil >20 yr after the last application. A number of studies have observed a soil-bound residue fraction of other pesticides such as ethidimuron (N-[5-(ethylsulfonyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]-N,N¢-dimethylurea), methabenzthiazuron (N-2-benzothiazolyl-N,N¢-dimethylurea), anilazine [4,6-dichloro-N-(2-chlorophenyl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine] (Jablonowski et al, 2012), and chloridazon [5-amino-4-chloro-2-phenyl-3(2H)-pyridazinone] (Schuhmann et al, 2016). However, even long-term immobilized compounds may be accessible to degradation by microorganisms (Jablonowski et al, 2008) and may also be released back to the soil solution.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Adsorbing vs. Nonadsorbing Tracers for Assessing Pesticide Transport in Arable Soils

Torrentó¹,

Prasuhn²,

Spiess³

et al. 2017

Vadose Zone Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A long-term lysimeter experiment to investigate the environmental dispersion of the herbicide chloridazon and its metabolites—comparison of lysimeter types

Cited by 26 publications

References 35 publications

Adsorbing vs. Nonadsorbing Tracers for Assessing Pesticide Transport in Arable Soils

Adsorbing vs. Nonadsorbing Tracers for Assessing Pesticide Transport in Arable Soils

Degradation and leaching of bentazone, terbuthylazine and S-metolachlor and some of their metabolites: A long-term lysimeter experiment

Adsorbing vs. Nonadsorbing Tracers for Assessing Pesticide Transport in Arable Soils

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