A long-term study of the nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus in healthy Nigerian students

Lamikanra, Adebayo; Olusanya, O.

doi:10.1016/0035-9203(88)90177-0

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Cross-sectional surveys of healthy adult populations have reported S. aureus nasal carriage rates between 20 and 55% (10, 15, 17, 20, 21, 25, 29-32, 34, 35, 40, 55). Longitudinal studies, however, indicated that carriage patterns differ between individuals, and that 10 to 35% of individuals carry S. aureus persistently, 20 to 75% carry S. aureus intermittently, and 5 to 70% are persistently free of S. aureus (noncarriers) (1,14,15,19,20,24,28,30,31,38). The variation in reported rates results, at least partly, from differences in study populations, sampling and culture techniques, and criteria for the definition of persistent or intermittent carriage.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Follow-Up of Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Carriage after 8 Years: Redefining the Persistent Carrier State

et al. 1999

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Studies of Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage have distinguished three carriage patterns: persistent, intermittent, and noncarriage. The criteria used to identify these carriage patterns have been inconsistent. In 1988 the S. aureus nasal carrier index, i.e., the proportion of nasal swab specimen cultures yieldingS. aureus, was determined for 91 staff members of various departments of a large university hospital by obtaining weekly nasal swab specimens for culture over a 12-week period. Thirty-three (36%) persons had carrier indices of 0.80 or higher, 15 (17%) had indices between 0.1 and 0.7, and 43 (47%) had indices of zero. In 1995, 17 individuals with carrier indices of 0.80 or higher in 1988 were available for reexamination. For 12 (71%) of these individuals,S. aureus was again isolated from a single nasal swab, i.e., from each individual with a 1988 carrier index of 1.0 but from only half of those with indices below 1.0. Genotyping (by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analysis and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis) of all S. aureus strains showed that strains isolated from only three individuals, all with 1988 carrier indices of 1.0, in 1988 and 1995 showed genetic similarity. In conclusion, persistent S. aureus nasal carriage is a unique characteristic of a fraction of the population, and the attribute “persistent” should be confined to those individuals for whom serial nasal swab specimen cultures consistently yield S. aureus.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Follow-Up of Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Carriage after 8 Years: Redefining the Persistent Carrier State

et al. 1999

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“…10~18- 20 In each of these studies, the incidence of resistance to several antibiotics was found to be very high. Rosdahl and Rosenda12' have reported the prevalence of the 95-complex phage-types among Danish patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The characterisation of clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus in Ile-Ife, Nigeria

Ako-Nai¹,

Ogunniyi²,

Lamikanra³

et al. 1991

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Summary. Of 166 strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from hospital patients and staff inIle-Ife, Nigeria, 32% were non-typable (NT). The strains were isolated from skin lesions, eye infections, wounds and nasal flora. Isolates from skin lesions or eye and wound infections were more likely to produce protease (95% and 78% respectively) than nasal isolates (1 1%). Nearly all (99%) of the strains isolated were resistant to penicillin and 78% were resistant to tetracycline. Streptomycin resistance occurred in 25% of isolates ; 19% were resistant to chloramphenicol and 9% to methicillin.

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“…Generally, in this study, resistance to the tested antimicrobial agents by S. aureus isolates was high. Earlier studies on the antibiotics resistance of S. aureus in subjects in Ile-Ife have shown that the incidence of resistance of S. aureus to antibiotics was increasing even within the hospital environment where some measure of control might be expected [18,19]. One of these studies reported 100% penicillin resistance for S. aureus [19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptibility of community associated methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from faeces to antiseptics

Akinkunmi¹,

Lamikanra²

2011

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: The study aimed to investigate the resistance of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), an indicator used in hospitals but isolated from faecal samples of children in the community, to commonly used antibiotics and antiseptic agents. Methodology: S. aureus isolates were identified by phenotypic and genotypic techniques such as biochemical tests and polymerase chain reaction. Antibiotic susceptibility was investigated using the disc diffusion technique while the agar dilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of antiseptics. Results: MRSA showed considerably higher resistance to other antibiotics than methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). Twelve percent of the MSSA were susceptible to all the antibiotics studied while none of the MRSA had this property. A significant difference in susceptibility between MRSA and MSSA to the three antiseptic agents was observed as 68.8%, 75.0% and 100% of MRSA were less susceptible to benzalkonium chloride, chlorhexidine and cetrimide respectively, while 32.0%, 28.0% and 56.0% of MSSA respectively were less susceptible to these agents compared with S. aureus NCTC 6571. Overall, the MICs for the antiseptics were 2-3 times greater in the MRSA than in the MSSA (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Results show that the concentration of antiseptics used in the prevention of the transmission of infectious agents may have to be raised to cope with the possible presence of MRSA in patients coming into hospital.

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A long-term study of the nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus in healthy Nigerian students

Cited by 11 publications

References 15 publications

Follow-Up of Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Carriage after 8 Years: Redefining the Persistent Carrier State

Follow-Up of Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Carriage after 8 Years: Redefining the Persistent Carrier State

The characterisation of clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus in Ile-Ife, Nigeria

Susceptibility of community associated methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from faeces to antiseptics

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