A long-term study of the effects of diazinon on sleep, the electrocorticogram and cognitive behaviour in common marmosets

Abstract

The long-term sequelae of exposure to low doses of organophosphate compounds are ill defined, with effects variously reported on a range of indices of central nervous system functions such as sleep, cognitive performance and electroencephalogram (EEG). These indices were examined in common marmosets exposed to a range of doses of the organophosphorous sheep dip, diazinon. Cognitive performance was assessed by means of elements from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB), and radiotelemetry techniques were employed to monitor the electrocorticogram and sleep patterns. Data were collected for 12 months following intramuscular administration of a single dose of diazinon (10, 90 or 130 mg.kg (-1)) or vehicle. Although high levels of erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition (up to 82%) and short-term changes in sleep patterns were seen, there was no evidence of biologically significant long-term changes in any measures. The effects of multiple exposures, impurities or mixtures of OP compounds remain to be investigated.

Performance of juvenile baboons on neuropsychological tests assessing associative learning, motivation and attention

“…It’s utilization in nonhuman primates has been limited (Dias et al 1996; Dias et al 1997; Weed et al 1999; Crofts et al 1999; Muggleton et al 2005; Weed et al 2008). Our results did not show an effect in the intra-dimensional shifting stage, as indicated by the non-significant difference between the CD and ID stages and consistent with the formation of an attentional set for the first dimension presented (i.e.…”

“…Due to the non-verbal nature of the test administration, the same neuropsychological testing approaches using the CANTAB have been successfully adapted to assess behavior in nonhuman primate species and to date studies have been conducted in two nonhuman primate species: the common marmoset and the rhesus monkey (Collins et al 1998; Weed et al 1999; Taffe et al 1999; Golub 2002; Spinelli et al 2004; Muggleton et al 2005; Nagahara et al 2008; Weed et al 2008). …”

Degradation of organophosphorus pesticide diazinon using activated persulfate: Optimization of operational parameters and comparative study by Taguchi's method

“…Organophosphorus (OPs) complexes are for the most part used in agriculture as pesticides [1][2][3]. OPs inhibit acetyl cholinesterase activity in insects; however, they can also affect the nervous organization of humans and animals eventually caused to be carcinogenic, mutagenic and other related intricate knots [4]. Beyond, as a result of their widespread relevance, OPs are one of the most regular varieties of organic impurities found in environmental matrices and food products.…”

“…Persulfate salts dissociate in aqueous solution to the persulfate anion S 2 reaction kinetics is slow in destroying most of the refractory contaminants [23][24][25]. However, persulfate activation can be initiated by thermal or chemical means to form sulfate radical SO 4 2− [26]. The sulfate radical is a stronger oxidant (E°= 2.6 V) than persulfate anion [27,28].…”

Preparation and Evaluation of Sol-Gel Glass-Based Immunoaffinity Column and their Potential Use in Determination of Diazinon in Water and Soil Samples with High Performance Liquid Chromatography

“…OPPs have replaced organochlorine compounds due to the persistence and accumulation of the latter in the environment (Bavcon et al 2003). OPPs not only inhibit acetylcholinesterase activity in insects but also affect the nerve system of humans and animals (Muggleton et al 2005). As a result of their widespread application, OPPs are one of the major organic pollutants found in environmental matrices and food produces, making a human and animal health hazard.…”