A long-term toxicity test comprising reproduction and growth of zebrafish with 4-chloroaniiine

Bresch, H.; Beck, Hannelore; Ehlermann, D.A.E.; Schlaszus, Hannes; Urbanek, Marianne

doi:10.1007/bf01054987

Cited by 44 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Eight larvae exposed to 50 µg/l DDT in Group II showed edema and died before day 14. It could be assumed that the observed deformation rate is natural agreing with data from Bresh et al 14) who found less than 5% deformations during an experimental time over two fish generations.…”

Section: Length Of Fish Emerged and Duration Of The Life Cycle Stagesmentioning

confidence: 57%

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Life Cycle Stages and Length of Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Exposed to DDT

Njiwa

Müller

Klein

2004

JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCE

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Long-term toxicity growth tests were conducted with DDT using zebrafish (Danio rerio). The fish were exposed to concentrations of 0.05 µg/l, 0.5 µg/l, 5 µg/l and 50 µg/l DDT under flow-through conditions. The effect of the compound on the ecologically important parameters hatching rate, duration of the developmental stages and growth were the focus of interest. When exposed to 50 µg/l DDT, the hatching rate was 2 to 3 times lower than in embryos exposed to 0.05 µg/l DDT. This study demonstrates that the rearing zebrafish in the pesticide causes a reduction in body length and the durations of the life cycle stages (LCS) of the offspring are extended. These effects are increased when the fish are exposed to higher DDT concentrations.Key words ---Danio rerio, early life stage, life cycle stages, growth, F 1 -generation, DDT able up to now. The zebrafish [Danio rerio (D. rerio)] is a suitable model for full life cycle assessments because zebrafish takes only 3-4 months to reach the sexual maturity. Moreover, they can be maintained in a laboratory environment at low cost and remain sexually active throughout the year.The test employed in this study involved exposure of zebrafish to the toxin from the fertilized egg up to the mature animal. The effect on reproduction was assessed by examination of mortality, hatching rate, body length and development of the offspring. This study encompassed the examination of two generations of fish over a period of approximately 8 months. This was regarded necessary to obtain sufficient information on the duration of each life stage and the deleterious effect of the chemical on the subsequent generation. The parameters were also investigated in the offspring of exposed parents that were subsequently reared in a toxin-free environment. The second generation was assessed up to six weeks and the difference with offspring which remained exposed to DDT was determined.

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Section: Length Of Fish Emerged and Duration Of The Life Cycle Stagesmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…Water exchange was once a day. 13,14) Depending on the level of DDT in the aquaria, sexual maturity was reached after 12-17 weeks. From day 125, 10 male and 5 female fish of each test chamber were mated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life Cycle Stages and Length of Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Exposed to DDT

Njiwa

Müller

Klein

2004

JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCE

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“…Often such studies are conducted on young rainbow trout and other salmonids that are only available on a seasonal basis and require a year or more to become sexually mature Bailey et al, 1984;Collodi et al, 1984). Recent attention has focused on the use of small aquarium species such as the medaka and zebrafish which grow rapidly, reach sexual maturity in approximately three months, and are tolerant of temperature and salinity (Hatanaka et al, 1982: Egami et al, 1981Aoki et al, 1977;Bresch 1991;Bresch et al, 1990;Babich and Borenfreund, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although in vivo studies of the effects of xenobiotics on various stages of the zebrafish life cycle (Bresch, 1991;Bresch et al, 1990;Nagel, et al, 1991;Dave and Xiu, 1991) have been informative, virtually no work has been directed to in vitro cell culture approaches to the study of zebrafish toxicology. This is probably the case because multipassage culture of zebrafish cell lines under conventional conditions with mammalian sera as a primary source of growthstimulating factors has not been successful (Bols and Lee, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Culture of cells from zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio) embryo and adult tissues

et al. 1992

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The zebrafish is a popular model for studies of vertebrate development and toxicology. However, in vitro approaches with this organism have not been fully exploited because cell culture systems have been unavailable. We developed methods for the culture of cells from blastula-stage diploid and haploid zebrafish embryos, as well as cells from the caudal and pelvic fin, gill, liver, and viscera of adult fish. The haploid embryo-derived cells differentiated in culture to a pigmented phenotype and expressed, upon exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, a protein that was immunologically and functionally similar to rainbow trout cytochrome P450IA1. Zebrafish cultures were grown in a complex basal nutrient medium supplemented with insulin, trout embryo extract, and low concentrations of trout and fetal bovine serum; they could not be maintained in conventional culture medium containing a high concentration of mammalian serum. Using calcium phosphate-mediated transfection, a plasmid constructed for use in mammalian cells was introduced into zebrafish embryo cell cultures and expressed in a stable manner. These results indicated that the transfection procedures utilized in mammalian systems can also be applied to zebrafish cell cultures, providing a means for in vitro alteration of the genotype and phenotype of the cells.

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“…17,18) Thomas 19,20) investigated the effects of heavy metals, benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) and a mixture of polychlorinated biphenyl (Arochlor 1254) on endocrine functions of fish (Micropogonias undulatus), which influenced reproduction. During the study of long-term toxicity test comprising reproduction and growth of zebrafish with a xenobiotic, Bresh et al 21) stated that the test procedure is not very informative as far as the effect of a substance on spermatogenesis is concerned. Reduced fertilization rates in exposed group as compared to controls may have different causes: direct effect of the substance on spermatogenesis, effect on the released sperm only or on the eggs by change of the egg membrane to the effect that penetration of intact spermatozoa is hindered or prevented.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alteration in Sperm Release from Zebrafish(Brachydanio Rerio) Exposed to DDT.

Njiwa

Müller

2002

JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCE

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This study describes a long-term toxicity test within a period of 2 months using zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio) as the test species and concentrations of 0.05, 0.5, 5 and 50 µg/l DDT as a model substance. By collecting and counting the number of sperm released during separate mating events we observed that gametes are released asynchronously. Sperm is released in the form of sperm trails laid on the nest surface; subsequently active spermatozoa leave the trails and move in the water for several minutes. Sperm trails consists of bands of viscous material in which sperm is embedded. The water samples for the estimation of sperm presence were collected gradually within 180 min after 24 hr, 2 weeks, 1 month and 2 months of exposure. It was established that the reduction in count, activity of sperm and the average life span of sperm trails were significant (p < 0.05) at the tested concentrations 5 µg/l and 50 µg/l DDT after 1 month of exposure. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that long exposure time and higher DDT tested levels accelerate the occurrence of negative effect on the number and activity of sperm released as well as the life span of their trails.

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A long-term toxicity test comprising reproduction and growth of zebrafish with 4-chloroaniiine

Cited by 44 publications

References 20 publications

Life Cycle Stages and Length of Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Exposed to DDT

Life Cycle Stages and Length of Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Exposed to DDT

Culture of cells from zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio) embryo and adult tissues

Alteration in Sperm Release from Zebrafish(Brachydanio Rerio) Exposed to DDT.

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