A longitudinal analysis of the progression from normal blood pressure to stage 2 hypertension: A 12-year Korean cohort

Abstract

Background The study aimed to estimate the incidence of and period of progression to stage 2 hypertension from normal blood pressure. Methods We selected a total of 21,172 normotensive individuals between 2003 and 2004 from the National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening and followed them up until 2015. The criteria for blood pressure were based on the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association 2017 guideline (normal BP: SBP < 120 and DBP < 80 mmHg, elevated BP: SBP 120–129 and DBP < 80 mmHg, stage 1 hypertension: SBP 130–139 or DBP 80–89 mmHg, stage 2 hypertension: SBP ≥140 or DBP ≥ 90 mmHg). We classified the participants into four courses (Course A: normal BP → elevated BP → stage 1 hypertension→ stage 2 hypertension, Course B: normal BP → elevated BP → stage 2 hypertension, Course C: normal BP → stage 1 hypertension → stage 2 hypertension, Course D: normal BP → stage 2 hypertension) according to their progression from normal blood pressure to stage 2 hypertension. Results During the median 12.23 years of follow-up period, 52.8% (n= 11,168) and 23.6% (n=5004) of the participants had stage 1 and stage 2 hypertension, respectively. In particular, over 60 years old had a 2.8-fold higher incidence of stage 2 hypertension than 40–49 years old. After the follow-up period, 77.5% (n=3879) of participants with stage 2 hypertension were found to be course C (n= 2378) and D (n=1501). After the follow-up period, 77.5% (n=3879) of participants with stage 2 hypertension were found to be course C (n= 2378) and D (n=1501). The mean years of progression from normal blood pressure to stage 2 hypertension were 8.7±2.6 years (course A), 6.1±2.9 years (course B), 7.5±2.8 years (course C) and 3.2±2.0 years, respectively. Conclusions This study found that the incidence of hypertension is associated with the progression at each stage. We suggest that the strategies necessary to prevent progression to stage 2 hypertension need to be set differently for each target course.

The influencing factors of health-related quality of life among rural hypertensive individuals: a cross-sectional study

“…Aging has been reported to be positively associated with hypertension [36]. In this research, not only did we find a higher age in hypertension group, but we also found a lower HRQoL was associated with increasing age for patients.…”

The Influencing Factors of Health-related Quality of Life Among Rural Hypertensive Individuals: a Cross-sectional Study

“…Aging has been reported to be positively associated with hypertension [32]. In this research, not only did we nd a higher age in hypertension group, but we also found a lower HRQoL was associated with increasing age for patients.…”

Long-Term Effectiveness of the TIME Intervention to Improve Diabetes Outcomes in Low-Income Settings: a 2-Year Follow-Up

“…Studies have shown that the natural progression of HbA1c and blood pressure is to increase over time. [12][13][14][15] Investigators have also demonstrated that if participants remain in an intervention long term, clinical markers can remain stable. 23 For example, a 5-year study of 120 individuals randomized to group (intervention) or individual (control) diabetes care revealed that HbA1c levels remained stable for intervention but not control participants (intervention: 0.1%; control: 1.7%).…”

“…[9][10][11] The clinical outcomes achieved during TIME are important, but it is not known if these clinical outcomes would be sustainable over time or worsen as would be expected without an intervention. [12][13][14][15] In this study, we evaluated post-intervention data of TIME participants. Specifically, we recorded semiannual HbA1c (primary outcome), blood pressure, weight, and BMI data from baseline to 24 months to assess sustainability.…”