A Longitudinal Case Study on Dissemination of ST398 Methicillin-Resistant<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>Within a Dairy Cow Herd

Barberio, A.; Mazzolini, Elena; Dall'Ava, Brunella; Rosa, Giulia La; Brunetta, Romina; Zandonà, Luca; Drigo, Ilenia; Moschioni, Chiara; Guolo, Angela; Bonamico, S.; Busa, A.; Segalin, C.; Biasio, Lara; Moroni, P.; Agnoletti, Fabrizio

doi:10.1089/fpd.2019.2622

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The highest percentage of positive cows was 43%, indicating that LA-MRSA may be widespread in individual herds. A high within-herd prevalence of LA-MRSA ST398 was reported from individual farms in Italy (60%, n = 33/55 and 23%, 14/59) and Israel (13%, n = 139/1050; Locatelli et al, 2017;Falk, 2018;Barberio et al, 2019). Due to resistance against β-lactam antibiotics in MRSA, segregation and culling of infected animals has been recommended to remove MRSA infected cows from the herds (Spohr et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The occurrence and distribution of livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ST398 on German dairy farms

Schnitt

Lienen

Wichmann-Schauer

et al. 2020

Journal of Dairy Science

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The objective of this study was to investigate the occurrence and distribution of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) on 20 German dairy farms. Farms were selected based on previous MRSA reports from phenotypic susceptibility testing of mastitis pathogens. Samples were collected from predefined groups of cows, young stock, farm personnel, and the environment. A high MRSA-positive test rate was detected in swab samples from milk-fed calves (22.7%; 46/203). In postweaning calves, the MRSA-positive test rate was 9.1% (17/187). From prefresh heifers, both nasal swabs and udder cleft swabs were collected if possible. Including both sample types, the MRSA-positive test rate in prefresh heifers was 13.0% (26/200). The positive test rate was 8.9% (17/191) in nasal swabs and 6.5% (11/170) in udder cleft swabs. In quarter milk samples (QMS), the MRSA-positive test rate was 2.9% (67/2347), and on cow level, 7.9% (47/597) of the dairy cows were affected. Among all cows included in this study, the geometric mean of somatic cell counts was higher in QMS that carried MRSA (345,000 cells/mL) in comparison to all QMS (114,000 cells/mL). No differences in parity or the affected mammary quarter position on the udder were observed among the 47 infected cows. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus was also detected in boot swab samples (dust), teat liners, and in suckers from automatic calf feeders. All isolates belonged to livestock-associated sequence type 398 and most common staphylococcal protein A (spa)-types were t011 and t034. Most isolates harbored the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec)-type V, with the exception of some isolates with SCCmec-type IVa on 1 farm. Similar MRSA genotypes in samples from humans and dairy cows underline the possible zoonotic and reversezoonotic transmission of livestock-associated MRSA strains from dairy farms. Similar MRSA genotypes in pig and cattle barns were detected on only 1 of 5 farms that kept both cattle and pigs. Similar MRSA spa-types were detected in samples from different sources (dairy cows, young stock, environment, and humans), suggesting a possible contagious transmission on some of the farms. Sporadically, up to 3 different MRSA spa-types were detected in QMS from the respective farms. On MRSA-affected farms, improper milking hygiene procedures and elevated bulk-tank milk somatic cell counts (>250,000 cells/mL) were observed. The occurrence of livestock-associated MRSA ST398 in different samples from dairy farms, and especially in young calves, should be considered for future MRSA-monitoring programs and biosecurity guidelines.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The occurrence and distribution of livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ST398 on German dairy farms

Schnitt

Lienen

Wichmann-Schauer

et al. 2020

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…Ireland CC97, CC151, CC126 ND [44] Israel CC1, CC5, CC7, CC12, CC15, CC20, CC88, CC151, CC188 t127, t002, t091, t160, t164, t186, t529, t189, t3380 [31] Italy CC1, CC5, CC8, CC20, CC72, CC97, CC101, CC126, CC133, CC151, CC398, CC479, CC522, CC705 t011, t024, t034, t053, t108, t127, t164, t267, t309, t359, t442, t521, t524, t529, t535, t548, t605, t688, t730, t899, t1236, t2421, t2953, t3802, t3987, t4795, t5268, t5694, t9295, t13277, t13269, t13278 [31,[45][46][47][48][49][50] Japan CC5, CC6, CC7, CC8, CC12, CC15, CC20, CC25,CC30,CC45,CC59, CC88, CC97, CC509, CC705 t002, t008, t021, t024, t050, t078, t091, t127, t160, t164, t179, t189, t203, t216, t224, t258, t267, t287, t359, t362, t375, t377, t458, t521, t529, t630, t693, t701, t729, t881, t1028, t1109, t1201, t1234, t1767, t1775, t1858, t2109, t2360, t2453, t2844, t3277, t3332, t3418, t3782, t3929, t4133, t4359, t4542, t5259, t5260, t5261, t5263, t5264, t5265, t5266, t5267, t5352, t5412 Based on genomic comparison, a higher virulence potential was predicted for CCs 151 and 97 compared to other bovine-associated S. aureus lineages [13], a finding that is consistent with functional and in vivo studies carried out [14,15]. CC1 and CC5 also have a global distribution, each being reported among cows in ten countries.…”

Section: Egyptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity and pathogenesis of Staphylococcus aureus from bovine mastitis: current understanding and future perspectives

et al. 2022

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Staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of bovine mastitis worldwide. Despite some improved understanding of disease pathogenesis, progress towards new methods for the control of intramammary infections (IMI) has been limited, particularly in the field of vaccination. Although herd management programs have helped to reduce the number of clinical cases, S. aureus mastitis remains a major disease burden. This review summarizes the past 16 years of research on bovine S. aureus population genetics, and molecular pathogenesis that have been conducted worldwide. We describe the diversity of S. aureus associated with bovine mastitis and the geographical distribution of S. aureus clones in different continents. We also describe studies investigating the evolution of bovine S. aureus and the importance of host-adaptation in its emergence as a mastitis pathogen. The available information on the prevalence of virulence determinants and their functional relevance during the pathogenesis of bovine mastitis are also discussed. Although traits such as biofilm formation and innate immune evasion are critical for the persistence of bacteria, the current understanding of the key host-pathogen interactions that determine the outcome of S. aureus IMI is very limited. We suggest that greater investment in research into the genetic and molecular basis of bovine S. aureus pathogenesis is essential for the identification of novel therapeutic and vaccine targets.

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“…MRSA ST398, is a robust organism that can resist desiccation, harsh environments and standard disinfection programmes and is therefore able to persist in the farm environment for a long period and infect pig herds, poultry flocks and the mammary glands of dairy cows (Ribeiro et al, 2018;Barberio et al, 2019;Rodr ıguez-L opez et al, 2020). In plant-based food production, although most bacterial contamination is on the surface of the plant, and originates from the production environment (including inputs such as manure and contaminated water), the processing environment or food handlers, there is also a concern that some pathogenic bacteria (e.g.…”

Section: Factors For Occurrence and Persistence Of Antimicrobial-resistant Bacteria And Resistance Genes In Food-producing Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MRSA is a concern in the milk production chain. MRSA ST398, CC97‐carrying mecA and the mecC containing lineages CC130 and ST425 are robust organisms that resists desiccation and harsh environments and are therefore able to persist in the farm environment for long periods (up to years) years and infect the mammary glands of dairy cows (Barberio et al., 2019). Use of antimicrobials such as tetracyclines and beta‐lactams has been mentioned as a factor favouring their persistence.…”

Section: Appendix F – Antimicrobial‐resistant Bacteria and Resistance Genes Of High Public Health Relevance In Environmental Sources Of Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Role played by the environment in the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) through the food chain

Koutsoumanis¹,

Allende²,

Álvarez‐Ordóñez³

et al. 2021

EFS2

117

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The role of food-producing environments in the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in EU plant-based food production, terrestrial animals (poultry, cattle and pigs) and aquaculture was assessed. Among the various sources and transmission routes identified, fertilisers of faecal origin, irrigation and surface water for plant-based food and water for aquaculture were considered of major importance. For terrestrial animal production, potential sources consist of feed, humans, water, air/dust, soil, wildlife, rodents, arthropods and equipment. Among those, evidence was found for introduction with feed and humans, for the other sources, the importance could not be assessed. Several ARB of highest priority for public health, such as carbapenem or extended-spectrum cephalosporin and/or fluoroquinolone-resistant Enterobacterales (including Salmonella enterica), fluoroquinolone-resistant Campylobacter spp., methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and glycopeptide-resistant Enterococcus faecium and E. faecalis were identified. Among highest priority ARGs bla CTX-M , bla VIM , bla NDM , bla OXA-48like , bla OXA-23 , mcr, armA, vanA, cfr and optrA were reported. These highest priority bacteria and genes were identified in different sources, at primary and post-harvest level, particularly faeces/manure, soil and water. For all sectors, reducing the occurrence of faecal microbial contamination of fertilisers, water, feed and the production environment and minimising persistence/recycling of ARB within animal production facilities is a priority. Proper implementation of good hygiene practices, biosecurity and food safety management systems is very important. Potential AMR-specific interventions are in the early stages of development. Many data gaps relating to sources and relevance of transmission routes, diversity of ARB and ARGs, effectiveness of mitigation measures were identified. Representative epidemiological and attribution studies on AMR and its effective control in food production environments at EU level, linked to One Health and environmental initiatives, are urgently required.

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A Longitudinal Case Study on Dissemination of ST398 Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusWithin a Dairy Cow Herd

Cited by 6 publications

References 36 publications

The occurrence and distribution of livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ST398 on German dairy farms

The occurrence and distribution of livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ST398 on German dairy farms

Diversity and pathogenesis of Staphylococcus aureus from bovine mastitis: current understanding and future perspectives

Role played by the environment in the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) through the food chain

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