A Longitudinal Cohort Study of Precocious Puberty and Autism Spectrum Disorder

Geier, David A.; Geier, Mark R.

doi:10.1159/000519141

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In recent years, some reports of CPP have been reported in children with ASD [4][5][6][7]. David and Mark [7] reported that the precocious puberty rate was 3.15 times higher in the ASD group than in the control group and that precocious puberty was more likely to occur after three years of age. An interaction between acquired factors, such as gene susceptibility and environmental factors, might be an underlying mechanism.…”

Section: Case Presentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Central Precocious Puberty (CPP) in Two Girls With Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Moriuchi¹,

Fuchigami²,

Horie³

et al. 2023

Cureus

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In recent years, some cases of central precocious puberty (CPP) have been reported in patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Here, we report CPP in two girls with ASD. The first case was a girl, 7 years and 9 months of age. Breast budding was observed at 7 years and 2 months and pubic hair at 7 years and 8 months of age. She was diagnosed with CPP based on guidelines and ASD according to her developmental history. Considering the psychosocial burden caused by the discrepancy between her cognitive and behavioral development and the progression of secondary sex characteristics, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analog therapy was initiated. Case 2 was a girl, 9 years and 8 months of age. She was diagnosed with ASD according to her developmental history. Treatment using oral aripiprazole for hypersensitivity to touch and taste had been initiated, with the onset of menarche at 9 years and 10 months of age. Breast budding had been observed before 7 years and 6 months old. She was diagnosed with CPP based on guidelines. Considering that menarche was not a significant psychosocial burden and the difficulty for her and her family to attend regular follow-ups, GnRH analog therapy was not initiated. Although the pathophysiological pathway linking ASD and CPP remains to be elucidated clinically, attention to CPP in ASD is needed, considering the increase in reported cases. In addition, the indication of GnRH analog therapy should be judged considering the psychosocial burden associated with secondary sexual characteristics.

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Section: Case Presentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The contribution of genetic factors to precocious puberty has been previously reported [ 1 - 3 ]. Of these, an association between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and central precocious puberty (CPP) has been suggested [ 4 - 7 ]. Herein, we describe two cases of CPP associated with ASD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Central Precocious Puberty (CPP) in Two Girls With Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Moriuchi¹,

Fuchigami²,

Horie³

et al. 2023

Cureus

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“…This paper has several important limitations. While puberty is critical for adolescent development, and gender differences are striking in those with ASD, these topics are beyond the scope of this paper (see Corbett et al, 2020 ; Geier and Geier, 2021 ; Wood-Downie et al, 2021 ). Another limitation of this review is that—for simplicity’s sake—we do not include studies that assess how performance on one task predicts performance on another task ( Lai et al, 2017 ; Gardiner and Iarocci, 2018 ; Fong and Iarocci, 2020 ), including a study with longitudinal methods ( Pugliese et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age differences and brain maturation provide insight into heterogeneous results in autism spectrum disorder

O’Hearn

Lynn²

2023

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Studies comparing individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) to typically developing (TD) individuals have yielded inconsistent results. These inconsistencies reflect, in part, atypical trajectories of development in children and young adults with ASD compared to TD peers. These different trajectories alter group differences between children with and without ASD as they age. This paper first summarizes the disparate trajectories evident in our studies and, upon further investigation, laboratories using the same recruiting source. These studies indicated that cognition improves into adulthood typically, and is associated with the maturation of striatal, frontal, and temporal lobes, but these age-related improvements did not emerge in the young adults with ASD. This pattern – of improvement into adulthood in the TD group but not in the group with ASD – occurred in both social and non-social tasks. However, the difference between TD and ASD trajectories was most robust on a social task, face recognition. While tempting to ascribe this uneven deficit to the social differences in ASD, it may also reflect the prolonged typical development of social cognitive tasks such as face recognition into adulthood. This paper then reviews the evidence on age-related and developmental changes from other studies on ASD. The broader literature also suggests that individuals with ASD do not exhibit the typical improvements during adolescence on skills important for navigating the transition to adulthood. These skills include execution function, social cognition and communication, and emotional recognition and self-awareness. Relatedly, neuroimaging studies indicate arrested or atypical brain maturation in striatal, frontal, and temporal regions during adolescence in ASD. This review not only highlights the importance of a developmental framework and explicit consideration of age and/or stage when studying ASD, but also the potential importance of adolescence on outcomes in ASD.

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“…Puberty is an important developmental stage marked by dramatic biological transitions. Altered pubertal timing (i.e., early puberty onset) has been linked with a heightened risk for psychopathology and behavioral disruptions later in life (Colich et al., 2020; Dimler & Natsuaki, 2015; Hamlat et al., 2019), and recent findings have shown a higher incidence rate of precocious puberty in people diagnosed with autism (Corbett et al., 2020; Geier & Geier, 2021). Moreover, a growing number of studies in humans suggest that the acceleration of various physiological metrics of development is associated with early life adversities (ELAs; Belsky et al., 2015; Berghänel et al., 2017; Colich et al., 2020; Gur et al., 2019; Miller et al., 2020; Sumner et al., 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal immune activation accelerates puberty initiation and alters mechanical allodynia in male and female C57BL6/J mice

Zhao

Erickson

Mohammed

et al. 2022

Developmental Psychobiology

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The mechanisms that link maternal immune activation (MIA) with the onset of neurodevelopmental disorders remain largely unclear. Accelerated puberty is also associated with a heightened risk for psychopathology in later life, but there is a dearth of evidence on the impacts of maternal infection on pubertal timing. We examined the effects of MIA on reproductive development, mechanical allodynia, and sensorimotor gating in juvenile, adolescent, and adult male and female mice. Moreover, we investigated hypothalamic neural markers associated with the reproductive and stress axes. Finally, we tested the mitigating effects of environmental enrichment (EE), which has clinical relevancy in human rehabilitation settings. Our results show that administration of polyinosinic–polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)) on gestational day 12.5 led to early preputial separation, vaginal openings, and age of first estrus in offspring. MIA exposure altered pain sensitivity across development and modestly altered prepulse inhibition. The downregulation of Nr3c1 and Oprk mRNA in the hypothalamus of juvenile mice suggests that MIA's effects may be mediated through disruption of hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis activity. In contrast, life‐long housing with EE rescued many of these MIA‐induced consequences. Overall, our findings suggest that accelerated puberty may be associated with the deleterious effects of infection during pregnancy and the onset of psychopathology.

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A Longitudinal Cohort Study of Precocious Puberty and Autism Spectrum Disorder

Cited by 16 publications

References 27 publications

Central Precocious Puberty (CPP) in Two Girls With Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Central Precocious Puberty (CPP) in Two Girls With Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Age differences and brain maturation provide insight into heterogeneous results in autism spectrum disorder

Maternal immune activation accelerates puberty initiation and alters mechanical allodynia in male and female C57BL6/J mice

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