“…Several studies have demonstrated a connection between deviant behavior and family stability, poverty, and available resources (Church, Tomek et al, 2012;Church, Wharton, & Taylor, 2009;Farrington, Jolliffe, Loeber, Stouthamer-Loeber, & Kalb, 2001;Loeber & Farrington, 2000). Some studies have suggested that when parents provide little monitoring it is more likely that delinquent activity will progress to gang involvement (Lahey et al, 1999;Thornberry, 1998).…”