A longitudinal SARS-CoV-2 biorepository for COVID-19 survivors with and without post-acute sequelae

Abstract

Background SARS-CoV-2 has swept across the globe, causing millions of deaths worldwide. Though most survive, many experience symptoms of COVID-19 for months after acute infection. Successful prevention and treatment of acute COVID-19 infection and its associated sequelae is dependent on in-depth knowledge of viral pathology across the spectrum of patient phenotypes and physiologic responses. Longitudinal biobanking provides a valuable resource of clinically integrated, easily accessed, and quality-controlled samples for researchers to study differential multi-organ system responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection, post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC), and vaccination. Methods Adults with a history of a positive SARS-CoV-2 nasopharyngeal PCR are actively recruited from the community or hospital settings to enroll in the Northern Colorado SARS-CoV-2 Biorepository (NoCo-COBIO). Blood, saliva, stool, nasopharyngeal specimens, and extensive clinical and demographic data are collected at 4 time points over 6 months. Patients are assessed for PASC during longitudinal follow-up by physician led symptom questionnaires and physical exams. This clinical trial registration is NCT04603677. Results We have enrolled and collected samples from 119 adults since July 2020, with 66% follow-up rate. Forty-nine percent of participants assessed with a symptom surveillance questionnaire (N = 37 of 75) had PASC at any time during follow-up (up to 8 months post infection). Ninety-three percent of hospitalized participants developed PASC, while 23% of those not requiring hospitalization developed PASC. At 90–174 days post SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis, 67% of all participants had persistent symptoms (N = 37 of 55), and 85% percent of participants who required hospitalization during initial infection (N = 20) still had symptoms. The most common symptoms reported after 15 days of infection were fatigue, loss of smell, loss of taste, exercise intolerance, and cognitive dysfunction. Conclusions Patients who were hospitalized for COVID-19 were significantly more likely to have PASC than those not requiring hospitalization, however 23% of patients who were not hospitalized also developed PASC. This patient-matched, multi-matrix, longitudinal biorepository from COVID-19 survivors with and without PASC will allow for current and future research to better understand the pathophysiology of disease and to identify targeted interventions to reduce risk for PASC. Registered 27 October 2020 - Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04603677.

Quality of Life (QoL) Is Reduced in Those with Severe COVID-19 Disease, Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19, and Hospitalization in United States Adults from Northern Colorado

“…An observational, longitudinal cohort design was used to recruit COVID-19 survivors to participate through the University of Colorado Health (UC Health) and Colorado State University (CSU) networks, as previously described [ 17 ]. Inclusion criteria for this study were a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test and ≥18 years.…”

“…Symptom surveillance was administered to evaluate new or persistent symptoms since the initial COVID-19 diagnosis at each follow-up visit. PASC was defined as having at least one of the following symptoms reported during the longitudinal surveillance period: fatigue, dyspnea, joint pain, chest pain, or cognitive dysfunction, at any or all of the follow-up visits [ 17 ]. Cognitive dysfunction was defined as absent-mindedness, forgetfulness, confusion, or problems with concentration.…”

“…Colorado State University (CSU), in conjunction with University of Colorado Health (UC Health), established the Northern Colorado Coronavirus Biorepository (NoCo-COBIO), an observational, longitudinal cohort of individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 [ 17 ]. One objective of the biorepository is to collect information on the QoL of COVID-19 survivors using the RAND version of the SF-36 in the convalescent phase of the disease.…”

Neurological sequelae of COVID-19: a review

“…2 weeks [ 67 , 68 ] and a minority of patients experiencing OD at 7-month follow-up [ 69 ]. Of interest are the minority of patients whose symptoms persist after several weeks [ 70 , 71 ]. For example, Riestra-Ayora and colleagues noted persistence of OD in 11.2% (14/125) patients at 6-month follow-up [ 72 ] and Nguyen and colleagues noted 24.0% (30/125) 7 months after onset [ 69 ].…”

Current Data on the Directions of Therapy of Essential Hypertension in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome and COVID-19 and Possibilities for Prevention of Long-Term Complications

“…В той же час, зростанням кількості пацієнтів, що одужали від COVID-19, формуються питання подальшої стратегії їх ведення, а першорядним стає питання різнонаправленої реабілітації пацієнтів, що перехворіли на це захворювання. В даний час COVID-19 визнаний поліорганною хворобою з широким спектром проя вів і подібно до підгострих вірусних синдромів, опи-саних у тих, хто видужав від інших вірулентних епідемій коронавірусу, кількість повідомлень про стійкі та тривалі ефекти після перенесеного гострого COVID-19 стає все більше, особливо серед пацієнтів, що були госпіталізовані [20,21]. Точне визначення цих довготривалих ускладнень, а також тривалість хронічних симптомів після первинного прояву наразі відсутнє, термін «синдром після гострого COVID-19» або «постковідний» синдром був запропонований для визначення симптомів та відхилень, що зберігаються або спостерігаються після 12 тижнів від початку гострого COVID-19 та не можуть бути віднесені до альтернативних діагнозів, а механізми, що призводять до відстрочених ускладнень COVID-19, залишаються нез'ясованими (хоча, ймовірно, вони є різноманітними та викликають зміни в різних органах і системах).…”