A longitudinal study of affective and anxiety disorders, depressive affect and diabetes distress in adults with Type 2 diabetes

Abstract

Aims-To report the prevalence and correlates of affective and anxiety disorders, depressive affect and diabetes distress over time.Methods-In a non-interventional study, 506 patients with Type 2 diabetes were assessed three times over 18 months (9-month intervals) for: major depressive disorder (MDD), general anxiety disorder (GAD), panic disorder (PANIC), dysthymia (DYS) (Composite International Diagnostic Interview); depressive affect [Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CES-D)]; Diabetes Distress Scale (DDS); HbA 1c ; and demographic data.Results-Diabetic patients displayed high rates of affective and anxiety disorders over time, relative to community adults: 60% higher for MDD, 123% for GAD, 85% for PANIC, 7% for DYS. The prevalence of depressive affect and distress was 60-737% higher than of affective and anxiety disorders. The prevalence of individual patients with an affective and anxiety disorder over 18 months was double the rate assessed at any single wave. The increase for CES-D and DDS was about 60%. Persistence of CES-D and DDS disorders over time was significantly greater than persistence of affective and anxiety disorders, which tended to be episodic. Younger age, female gender and high comorbidities were related to persistence of all conditions over time. HbA 1c was positively related to CES-D and DDS, but not to affective and anxiety disorders over time.Conclusions-The high prevalence of comorbid disorders and the persistence of depressive affect and diabetes distress over time highlight the need for both repeated mental health and diabetes distress screening at each patient contact, not just periodically, particularly for younger adults, women and those with complications/comorbidities.

Self‐reported diabetes self‐management competence and support from healthcare providers in achieving autonomy are negatively associated with diabetes distress in adults with Type 1 diabetes

“…Not unlike tendencies among people with chronic conditions in general 29, the frequency of non‐participation was considerable in the present study population, which is a possible threat to the study's validity. In addition, two out of three participants were female, and women generally report higher levels of diabetes‐related distress than men 30. In spite of inclusion criteria [HbA 1c ≥ 64 mmol/mol (≥8.0%)], a substantial number (40%) of participants had experienced hypoglycaemia in the past 12 months.…”

Understanding Stress Among Adults Diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes at a Younger Age

“…These findings highlight the significant impact of diabetes-related distress and suggest diabetes self-care measures may cause additional stress for individuals with T2DM. In fact, researchers found diabetes distress, defined as extreme anxiety specifically related to diabetes, to be the most prevalent long-lasting factor associated with hyperglycemia in T2DM [13].…”

Характеристика Когнітивної Сфери У пацієнтів Із цукровим Діабетом 2-Го Типу Зрілого Віку Залежно Від Наявності Депресивних Станів

“…Поширеність великих депре-сивних розладів у пацієнтів із ЦД в середньому, за різними оцінками, становить близько 12 % (у діапазоні від 8 до 18 %), у той же час більш м'які випадки прояву депресії виявляються у 15-35 % [1,2]. Пацієнти з ЦД страждають у 1,4-3 рази час-тіше від супутньої депресії, ніж особи без ЦД [3,4].…”