A longitudinal study of cannabis use initiation among high school students: Effects of social anxiety, expectancies, peers and alcohol

Schmits, Émilie; Mathys, Cécile; Quertemont, Étienne

doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2015.02.009

Cited by 23 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…Research among socially anxious cannabis users suggests more cannabis use (despite experiencing cannabis-related problems) if cannabis-related problems were perceived as common and therefore presumably socially acceptable (Ecker, Richter, & Buckner, 2014). Moreover, perceptions of others’ use (reporting a greater number of friends who use cannabis), positive cannabis expectancies (e.g., enhancement), and social anxiety have been shown to predict cannabis use initiation among adolescents (Schmits, Mathys, & Quertemont, 2015). Perceptions of how others view risky cannabis use (e.g., approval or disapproval) are referred to as ‘injunctive norms.’ Studies have shown that cannabis injunctive norms are linked with behavior (Ecker & Buckner, 2014; LaBrie, Hummer, & Lac, 2011; LaBrie, Hummer, Lac, & Lee, 2010).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Anxiety and Cannabis Cravings: The Influences of Parent Injunctive Norms and Tension Reduction Expectancies

Foster¹,

Ecker²,

Zvolensky³

et al. 2015

Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology

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Objectives-Socially anxious cannabis users are influenced by cannabis expectancies and normative perceptions. The present study examines the influence of psychosocial factors on cannabis use vulnerability factors as the result of interactions between norms perceptions, social anxiety, and expectancies.Methods-Participants were 149 (36.2% female) current cannabis users aged 18-36 (M=21.01, SD=3.09). Hierarchical multiple regressions were employed to investigate the predictive value of the social anxiety X injunctive norms X expectancies interaction on cannabis cravings.Results-A three-way interaction emerged in the prediction of cannabis cravings. Simple slopes analyses showed that among individuals with perceptions of greater parent approval of cannabis use (higher injunctive norms), social anxiety was associated with greater cannabis craving when expectancies regarding relaxation and tension reduction were greater (t=2.54, p=.01, β=1.12).Conclusions-Among cannabis users with perceptions of greater injunctive norms, social anxiety was associated with greater cannabis craving when tension reduction expectancies were greater. However, social anxiety was unrelated to cannabis craving when expectances were low. This suggests that cannabis craving among socially anxious adults was greatest when cannabis use was viewed as acceptable and expected to reduce tension, and highlights the importance of considering norms, expectancies, and social anxiety in understanding cannabis-related behaviors.

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confidence: 99%

Social Anxiety and Cannabis Cravings: The Influences of Parent Injunctive Norms and Tension Reduction Expectancies

Foster¹,

Ecker²,

Zvolensky³

et al. 2015

Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology

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“…With regard to the first aim, contrary to the hypothesis, SA was found to be negatively related to cannabis use. Previous studies involving adolescent samples ( 9 – 11 , 45 , 46 ) showed that SA was a negative predictor of the risk of cannabis use and could therefore play a protective function. Although current findings may be to some extent limited by the cross-sectional nature of the study, is therefore likely that socially anxious youth, similar to adolescents, may use less cannabis because they are less likely to find themselves in peer context where cannabis use is common, probably due to their avoidant behavior.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Mediating Effects of Global Negative Effect Expectancies on the Association between Problematic Cannabis Use and Social Anxiety

et al. 2017

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The relationship between social anxiety (SA) and cannabis use among adolescents and young adults is a highly debated topic. In this cross-sectional study, we tested whether cannabis use expectancies mediated the association between SA and cannabis use severity in a sample of 343 young adults (74.3% male) who used cannabis. They completed self-report measures for the screening of problematic cannabis use (Cannabis Use Problems Identification Test) and SA symptoms (Social Interaction Anxiety Scale and Social Phobia Scale). A multiple mediation analysis was used to test whether marijuana effect expectancies mediate SA effect on problematic cannabis use. SA was negatively associated with cannabis use severity in this sample, and we found evidence that cannabis use expectancies fully mediated this relationship. Specifically, global negative effect expectancies influence the relationship between SA and problematic cannabis use. These findings may inform current prevention strategies and clinical intervention for young adults who use cannabis.

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“…Interestingly, however, in the logistic model, perception of access to cannabis was neither a risk nor protective factor for initiation at the age of 13 years or younger. Perhaps, some social factors within the society which were not explored in this study exerted more powerful influences on when cannabis was initiated than perception of access did (20,22,24,25).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Cannabis Use among Secondary School Students in Jamaica: Factors Associated with Age of Initiation

Bernard¹,

Abel²,

Whitehorne-Smith³

et al. 2017

West Indian Med J

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The aim of this study was to determine whether perception of risk and accessibility of cannabis predicted the age of initiation of cannabis use among Jamaican secondary school students. Data from a nationally representative sample were analysed. Descriptive statistical analysis was done while binary logistic regression was used to compute point estimates and confidence intervals (CIs). The median age of initiation was 13 years. Gender was a predictor of age of initiation, with females having 39% less risk of initiating cannabis use at the age of 13 years or younger before adjusting for covariates (crude odds ratio [COR]: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.48, 0.77), which increased to 42% reduced risk of initiating cannabis use at the age of 13 years or younger after adjusting for covariates (adjusted OR [AOR]: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.39, 0.85). There was a significant inverse association between grade level in school and age of initiation of cannabis use, with 11 th grade students having a significantly reduced risk of commencing cannabis use at the age of 13 years or younger (COR: 0.41; 95% CI: 0.23, 0.70; AOR: 0.41; 95% CI: 0.23, 0.72). Participants who perceived cannabis use as moderately harmful were 67% less likely to initiate cannabis use at the age of 13 years or younger compared to participants who thought it was not harmful (AOR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.12, 0.88). Perceptions of access to cannabis did not predict age of initiation of cannabis use. Being female, being in the 11 th grade and the perception that cannabis use was moderately harmful significantly reduced the risk of initiating cannabis use at the age of 13 years or younger. RESUMENEl objetivo de este estudio fue determinar si la percepción del riesgo y la accesibilidad al cannabis predecían la edad de iniciación del uso de cannabis entre los estudiantes de escuela secundaria en Jamaica. Se analizaron los datos de una muestra nacionalmente representativa. Se realizó un análisis estadístico descriptivo, y se utilizó una regresión logística binaria para computar las estimaciones puntuales y los intervalos de confianza (IC). La edad promedio de iniciación fue de 13 años. El género fue un predictor de la edad de iniciación, presentando las hembras un riesgo 39% menor de iniciar el uso de cannabis a la edad de 13 años o más joven,

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A longitudinal study of cannabis use initiation among high school students: Effects of social anxiety, expectancies, peers and alcohol

Cited by 23 publications

References 75 publications

Social Anxiety and Cannabis Cravings: The Influences of Parent Injunctive Norms and Tension Reduction Expectancies

Social Anxiety and Cannabis Cravings: The Influences of Parent Injunctive Norms and Tension Reduction Expectancies

Mediating Effects of Global Negative Effect Expectancies on the Association between Problematic Cannabis Use and Social Anxiety

Cannabis Use among Secondary School Students in Jamaica: Factors Associated with Age of Initiation

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