A longitudinal study of child growth in a rural community in Jamaica

Standard, K. L.; Desai, Patricia; Miall, W. E.

doi:10.1017/s0021932000007173

Cited by 24 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…This has been reported by other investigators as well. In a study from Jamaica, while about 21% of the children under one year old showed some degree of malnutrition by Gomez's classification, more than half of those over one year old were in this category [6] Earlier studies conducted in Jamaica reported a similar pattern [7,8]. It has been hypothesized that the better nutritional status of infants is probably due to their being able to satisfy their nutritional needs through breast milk and some complementary foods.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Selected Socio-economic, Environmental, Maternal, and Child Factors Associated with the Nutritional Status of Infants and Toddlers

Gopaldas¹,

Patel²,

Bakshi³

1988

Food Nutr Bull

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Malnutrition is one of the most widespread public health problems facing India today. Among the highly susceptible groups are infants and toddlers (0-3 years old), who constitute nearly 10% of Indian's population. Unfortunately, they are largely ignored from a nutritional standpoint [1]. There is now a growing realization that malnutrition is not only a problem of food supply but can also be a function of more complex big-social and behavioural determinants affecting child feeding and rearing [2]. In the present study, therefore, we have attempted to identify various socio-economic, environmental, and maternal factors and the childfeeding and childrearing practices of mothers that affect the nutritional status of infants and toddlers. Methods and materials SampleTen urban slum areas in the city of Baroda and nine rural villages in the Panchmahals and Bharuch districts of Gujarat state were randomly selected for the study. These slums and villages did not have any ongoing nutrition programmes. All children 0-3 years old living in the selected study areas and available during the survey were the subjects (N = 786). ToolsThree pre-structured, pre-tested forms -family, maternal, and child -were used to collect the required information on each subject. Factors studiedThe factors studied for their association with the nutritional status of the children included family type, family size, religion, and caste; per capita income and land holding; water facilities, house sanitation, and toilet facilities; mother's educational level, working status, child-care time, height, weight, and obstetric history; breast-feeding, bottle-feeding, and weaning practices; and the child's calorie and protein intake, sex, birth order, and clinical and immunization status. Anthropometric measurementsAll the children were weighed using a Salter scale and were classified on the basis of their weight for age, using the 50th percentile of the Harvard standard and the classification of the Indian Academy of Pediatrics [3]. The mothers, heights and weights were determined by standard procedures. Dietary intakeThe 24-hour dietary intake of each child was determined by interview and observation [4]. Statistical analysisPercentages were calculated and the chi-square (x2) test was used to identify factors significantly associated with the subjects, nutritional status [5].

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Selected Socio-economic, Environmental, Maternal, and Child Factors Associated with the Nutritional Status of Infants and Toddlers

Gopaldas¹,

Patel²,

Bakshi³

1988

Food Nutr Bull

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“…In the private establishment children were asked their date of birth. Since lung function during childhood has been reported to be better correlated with stature than with age (Cotes, 1975), and rural children tend to be shorter than urban children relative to chronological age (Ashcroft and Lovell, 1964;Standard et al, 1969), height differences between the groups were minimised by selecting the rural group to be about 6 to 9 months older than the urban group.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lung function of healthy boys and girls in Jamaica in relation to ethnic composition, test exercise performance, and habitual physical activity

Miller¹,

Saunders²,

Gilson³

et al. 1977

Thorax

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. (1977). Thorax, 32,[486][487][488][489][490][491][492][493][494][495][496]. Lung function of healthy boys and girls in Jamaica in relation to ethnic composition, test exercise performance, and habitual physical activity. The relationships of forced expiratory volume and forced vital capacity on height, age, sex, area of residence, and ethnic composition were assessed in 622 children in Jamaica. Rural children in hill-farming communities were judged to have a higher habitual physical activity than urban children. Allowing for differences in body size, forced vital capacity averaged 3% greater in rural children than in urban children, 7% less in girls than in boys, and 16% greater in children of European origin than in children of African descent.Lung volumes, indices of gas transfer, and submaximal-exercise responses were measured in a subgroup of 108 children of African descent believed to be of common genetic stock. Total lung capacity and vital capacity averaged respectively 6% greater and 70% greater in rural than in urban children of equal height but residual volume and transfer factor did not differ significantly between localities.Rural children had a lower average cardiac frequency during test exercise than did urban children. Sex differences and locality differences in vital capacity and total lung capacity disappeared when allowance was made for standardised exercise cardiac frequency. At standard body size and age transfer factor increased with decreasing cardiac frequency for standard work.The results suggest an harmonious development of the cardiac and respiratory components of the oxygen transport system, consonant with the demand for muscular work. Increased habitual physical activity and improved exercise performance appear to be associated with increases in vital capacity, total lung capacity, and transfer factor.

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“…Many investigations, e.g. Standard, Desai & Miall (1969), have shown that, in the West Indies, the most critical time in child upbringing is in late infancy. In that period, mortality is relatively high and growth increments are low compared to those in more favoured countries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heights and Weights of Schoolchildren in St Vincent

Ashcroft

Antrobus

1970

J. Biosoc. Sci.

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SummaryHeights and weights were measured of 5600 children aged 5 to 14 years, of predominantly African origin, attending primary schools situated in rural areas of St Vincent. The mean size of these children was intermediate between that of London children recorded in 1905 to 1912 and in 1959 and not greatly different from that found in recent years in most other parts of the West Indies. These St Vincent children were larger than those measured in a small survey 20 years ago. For a given height, they were lighter than London children in 1959 and obesity was much less common. Signs of serious malnutrition were rare. A standard of mean heights and weights of West Indian children from lower socio-economic classes and of predominantly African origin has been calculated from the results of recent surveys in five different countries.

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A longitudinal study of child growth in a rural community in Jamaica

Cited by 24 publications

References 18 publications

Selected Socio-economic, Environmental, Maternal, and Child Factors Associated with the Nutritional Status of Infants and Toddlers

Selected Socio-economic, Environmental, Maternal, and Child Factors Associated with the Nutritional Status of Infants and Toddlers

Lung function of healthy boys and girls in Jamaica in relation to ethnic composition, test exercise performance, and habitual physical activity

Heights and Weights of Schoolchildren in St Vincent

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