A Longitudinal Study of Mycoplasma Pneumoniae: Infections in Navy Recruits by Isolation and Seroepidemiology

Edwards, Earl A.; Crawford, York E.; Pierce, Willard E.; Peckinpaugh, R. O.

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112330

Cited by 21 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…In addition, at all temperatures, survival of M pneumoniae in aerosols was found to be best at extremes of relative humidity and the effects of temperature were such that, irrespective of relative humidity, an increase in temperature resulted in a decreased airborne survival time 26. However, the result of an epidemiological longitudinal study suggested that the survival and spread of M pneumoniae were highly favoured during the spring and early autumn seasons and there might be a positive relationship between M pneumoniae infections and temperature, which was only indirectly inferred from interannual observations or seasonal variations 27. The positive relationship between M pneumoniae pneumonia cases and increased temperature in this study is therefore broadly consistent with the previous finding.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Impact of weather factors on Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia

Onozuka

Hashizume

Hagihara

2009

Thorax

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Background: Although multiple combinations of weather factors may contribute to an increased incidence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia, few studies have investigated the association between weather factors and cases of M pneumoniae pneumonia. Methods: Data on cases of M pneumoniae pneumonia and weather factors in Fukuoka, Japan from 1999 to 2007 were obtained and time-series analysis was used to assess the effects of weather variables on M pneumoniae pneumonia cases, adjusting for confounding factors. A total of 13 056 M pneumoniae pneumonia cases were reported during the 9-year study period, of which 12 234 (93.7%) were under 15 years of age. Results: The weekly number of M pneumoniae pneumonia cases increased by 16.9% (95% CI 11.3% to 22.8%) for every 1uC increase in the average temperature and by 4.1% (95% CI 2.7% to 5.5%) for every 1% increase in relative humidity. Conclusions: From 1999 to 2007, cases of M pneumoniae pneumonia increased significantly with increased average temperature and relative humidity in Fukuoka, Japan.Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M pneumoniae) is a common respiratory pathogen that affects both upper and lower respiratory tract infections in all age groups.1 2 This agent is estimated to be responsible for 15-20% of all cases of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and as many as 40% of cases among children.2 3 An estimated 30% or more of M pneumoniae infections in children aged 5-15 years result in pneumonia, and as many as 18% of these cases require hospitalisation. 5M pneumoniae infections can occur worldwide, with outbreaks occurring cyclically every 3-7 years. 6 7 A study has shown that M pneumoniae infection did not show seasonal variations; 8 in contrast, however, recent studies have shown that M pneumoniae infection peaks in winter 9 or spring, 10 and this aetiology should be considered first when it occurs in the summer and autumn months. 11 The clear cyclical and seasonal occurrence suggests that climatic factors could play a role. Moreover, another study has shown that the most important factor explaining the variance in CAP is the direct and indirect effects of meteorological variables. 12However, few quantitative studies have investigated the impact of weather factors and variability on the incidence of M pneumoniae pneumonia, allowing for the mutual confounding between weather factors and potential confounding by other seasonally varying factors. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between weather variations and the weekly incidence of M pneumoniae pneumonia between 1999 and 2007 in Fukuoka, Japan using time-series methodology.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Impact of weather factors on Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia

Onozuka

Hashizume

Hagihara

2009

Thorax

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“…Numerous outbreaks of M. pneumoniae infections have been documented in the community or in closed or semiclosed settings such as military bases (120,131,167,168,292), hospitals (141,221,229), religious communities (253,299), and facilities for the mentally or developmentally disabled (197,228,391). In outbreaks where many more persons, usually living close together in military barracks or similar situations, are exposed to M. pneumoniae aerosols simultaneously, the rate of spread within a facility appears to be higher than in single-family households.…”

Section: Disease Outbreaksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Attack rates of M. pneumoniae among military recruits and other closed or semiclosed populations can be quite high, with reports ranging from 25 to 71% in some settings (5,120,131,228). Some studies have shown M. pneumoniae to be the leading cause of bacterial pneumonia among hospitalized and nonhospitalized military personnel (168,170).…”

Section: Disease Outbreaksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycoplasma pneumoniaeand Its Role as a Human Pathogen

2004

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Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a unique bacterium that does not always receive the attention it merits considering the number of illnesses it causes and the degree of morbidity associated with it in both children and adults. Serious infections requiring hospitalization, while rare, occur in both adults and children and may involve multiple organ systems. The severity of disease appears to be related to the degree to which the host immune response reacts to the infection. Extrapulmonary complications involving all of the major organ systems can occur in association with M. pneumoniae infection as a result of direct invasion and/or autoimmune response. The extrapulmonary manifestations are sometimes of greater severity and clinical importance than the primary respiratory infection. Evidence for this organism's contributory role in chronic lung conditions such as asthma is accumulating. Effective management of M. pneumoniae infections can usually be achieved with macrolides, tetracyclines, or fluoroquinolones. As more is learned about the pathogenesis and immune response elicited by M. pneumoniae, improvement in methods for diagnosis and prevention of disease due to this organism may occur

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“…It was also documented to account for ϳ25% of respiratory tract infections in Dutch military recruits (284). In the 1970s, prospective studies of U.S. Navy recruits found infection rates as high as 57% (518), and in the late 1980s, U.S. Navy investigators found that this agent infected ϳ6% of Marine Corps recruits in San Diego, CA (519). Further studies among recruits in the 1960s through the 1990s identified M. pneumoniae in ϳ56% of pneumonia cases (516,519,520).…”

Section: Mycoplasma Pneumoniae and Chlamydophila Pneumoniaementioning

confidence: 99%

Respiratory Infections in the U.S. Military: Recent Experience and Control

et al. 2015

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SUMMARY This comprehensive review outlines the impact of military-relevant respiratory infections, with special attention to recruit training environments, influenza pandemics in 1918 to 1919 and 2009 to 2010, and peacetime operations and conflicts in the past 25 years. Outbreaks and epidemiologic investigations of viral and bacterial infections among high-risk groups are presented, including (i) experience by recruits at training centers, (ii) impact on advanced trainees in special settings, (iii) morbidity sustained by shipboard personnel at sea, and (iv) experience of deployed personnel. Utilizing a pathogen-by-pathogen approach, we examine (i) epidemiology, (ii) impact in terms of morbidity and operational readiness, (iii) clinical presentation and outbreak potential, (iv) diagnostic modalities, (v) treatment approaches, and (vi) vaccine and other control measures. We also outline military-specific initiatives in (i) surveillance, (ii) vaccine development and policy, (iii) novel influenza and coronavirus diagnostic test development and surveillance methods, (iv) influenza virus transmission and severity prediction modeling efforts, and (v) evaluation and implementation of nonvaccine, nonpharmacologic interventions.

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A Longitudinal Study of Mycoplasma Pneumoniae: Infections in Navy Recruits by Isolation and Seroepidemiology

Cited by 21 publications

References 0 publications

Impact of weather factors on Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia

Impact of weather factors on Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia

Mycoplasma pneumoniaeand Its Role as a Human Pathogen

Respiratory Infections in the U.S. Military: Recent Experience and Control

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