As part of a larger research project, a national survey of 514 primary teachers in Scotland was carried out in 1993. The questionnaire that was used in the survey focused on teachers' confidence about teaching various areas of the curriculum and about a variety of aspects of the teaching of science and technology. The design of the questionnaire allowed some comparison with the findings of a study of the perceived competence of primary teachers in England and Wales (Bennett et al., 1992).Primary teachers were less confident about teaching science and technology than about almost all other curriculum areas. They were rather more confident about 'Living Things and the Processes of Life' and 'Earth and Space' than they were about 'Energy and Forces' and design and control technology. Teachers' confidence about developing science skills and processes in their pupils was higher than their confidence about developing understanding of science content. With respect to science and technology teaching, male teachers were more confident than females, the more recently qualified were more confident than the more experienced and those with science qualifications in their own backgrounds were more confident than those without. Although many teachers showed a high degree of general professional self-assurance which allowed them to tackle science and technology teaching with some confidence that they would be able to cope, many were still not confident that their own understanding would be adequate to facilitate conceptual development in pupils.There was a considerable increase in the confidence of primary teachers in England and Wales about teaching science between 1989 and 1991. This was attributed by the researchers largely to the investment of resources, both human and material, to support primary teachers in science. Scotland needs a substantial, flexible and sensitive programme of professional development of its primary teachers to bring about an increase both in teacher confidence about science and technology teaching and also in teacher understanding of science and technology.