A longitudinal study of prisoners on remand: psychiatric prevalence, incidence and psychopathology in solitary vs.non‐solitary confinement

Andersen, Hans Skifter; Sestoft, Dorte; Lillebæk, Tommy; Gabrielsen, Gorm; Hemmingsen, Ralf; Kramp, Peter

doi:10.1034/j.1600-0447.2000.102001019.x

Cited by 94 publications

(71 citation statements)

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“…Newer methodologies developed for studying intra-individual change are less impacted by attrition rates. Although conclusions from these studies are limited by methodological weaknesses, both Andersen et al (2000) and demonstrated that segregated populations have more psychological disorders at the start than comparison subjects. However, these two studies provide conflicting evidence on whether conditions get worse over time.…”

Section: Longitudinal Designsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only two recent studies were found that followed inmates for longer time periods after placement in segregation (Andersen et al, 2000;Andersen, Sestoft, Lillebaek, Gabrielsen, & Hemmingsen, 2003;. Andersen et al (2000) studied participants over a 4 month period, but the majority of participants had data for less than a month.…”

Section: Longitudinal Designsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Andersen et al (2000) studied participants over a 4 month period, but the majority of participants had data for less than a month. followed inmates over a 60 day period.…”

Section: Longitudinal Designsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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One Year Longitudinal Study of the Psychological Effects of Administrative Segregation

O'Keefe¹,

Klebe²,

Stucker³

et al. 2011

PsycEXTRA Dataset

105

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The researchers would also like to acknowledge the support of Mr. Aristedes Zavaras and the staff at the Department of Corrections. This project would never have been possible without the commitment and contributions of management, mental health, case management, offender services, and security staff.This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice.ii ABSTRACT One of the most widely debated topics in the field of corrections -the use of long-term administrative segregation (AS) -has suffered from a lack of empirical research. Critics have argued that the conditions of AS confinement exacerbate symptoms of mental illness and create mental illness where none previously existed. Empirical research has had little to offer this debate; the scant empirical research conducted to date suffers from research bias and serious methodological flaws. This study seeks to advance the literature in this regard.This study tested three hypotheses: (1) offenders in AS would develop an array of psychological symptoms consistent with the security housing unit (SHU) syndrome, (2) offenders with and without mental illness would deteriorate over time in AS, but at a rate more rapid and extreme for the mentally ill, and (3) inmates in AS would experience greater psychological deterioration over time than the comparison groups.Study participants included male inmates who were placed in AS and comparison inmates in the general population (GP). Placement into AS or GP conditions occurred as a function of routine prison operations. GP comparison participants included those at risk of AS placement due to their institutional behavior. Inmates in both of these study conditions (AS, GP) were divided into two groups -inmates with mental illness (MI) and with no mental illness (NMI). A third comparison group of inmates with severe mental health problems placed in San Carlos Correctional Facility, a psychiatric care prison facility, was also included. A total of 302 inmates were approached to participate in the study, and 55 refused to participate or later withdrew their consent. Participants were tested at 3-month intervals over a yearlong period.Standardized test data were collected through self-report, correctional staff and clinical staff measures. Tests with demonstrated reliability and validity were selected to assess the eight primary constructs of interest: (1) anxiety, (2) cognitive impairment, (3) depression-hopelessness, (4) hostility-anger control, (5) hypersensitivity, (6) psychosis, (7) somatization, and (8) withdrawal-alienation. Extensive analyses of psychometric properties revealed that inmates self-reported psychological and cognitive symptoms in remarkably reliable and valid ways.The results of this study were largely inconsistent with our hypotheses and the bulk of literature that indi...

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Section: Longitudinal Designsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Longitudinal Designsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

One Year Longitudinal Study of the Psychological Effects of Administrative Segregation

O'Keefe¹,

Klebe²,

Stucker³

et al. 2011

PsycEXTRA Dataset

105

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In Bezug auf Prävalenzmessungen psychischer Auffälligkeiten und Störungen bei jugendlichen und heranwachsenden Inhaftierten liegt im deutschen Sprachraum ein erhebliches Forschungsdefizit vor (Köhler, Müller, Hinrichs, 2007). Bereits gut untersucht ist, dass erwachsene Inhaftierte im Vergleich zur Normalbevölkerung deutlich erhöhte Prä-valenzraten psychischer Störungen aufweisen (Andersen et al, 2000;Eckert, Brodbeck, Jürgens, Landerschier, Reinhardt, 1997;Fazal u. Danesh, 2002;Frädrich u. Pfäfflin, 2000). Internationale Studien zeigen, dass solche Unterschiede zur vergleichbaren Allgemeinbevölkerung auch bei jugendlichen Inhaftierten replizierbar sind (American Academy of Pediatrics/Comitee on Adolescence, 2001;Doreleijers, Moser, Thijs, van Engeland, Beyaert, 2000;Garland et al, 2001;Gosden, Kramp, Gabrielsen, Sestoft, 2003;Plattner et al, 2007;Teplin, Abram, McClelland, Dulcan, Mericle, 2002;Ulzen u. Hamilton, 1998).…”

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Psychische Belastung bei deutschsprachigen jugendlichen und heranwachsenden Inhaftierten in der Hafteingangssituation

Obschonka

Warns²,

Schulte‐Markwort³

et al. 2010

Praxis der Kinderpsychologie und Kinderpsychiatrie

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Nutzungsbedingungen Psychische Belastung bei deutschsprachigen jugendlichen und heranwachsenden Inhaftierten in der HafteingangssituationMartin Obschonka, Martin Wams, Michael Schulte-Markwort und Claus Barkmann Summary Psychological Distress Among German-Speaking Young Prison Inmates After ImprisonmentThe objective of the present study was to examine psychological distress among adolescent and young adult prisoners within the first two weeks of imprisonment. In addition, their psychosocial background was explored. A total sample of N = 180 newly imprisoned males was investigated with regard to psychosocial distress, medical history, drug use, as well as socioeconomic and forensic background. Data were collected using the SCL-90-R and a standardized clinical documentation. The prevalence of cases with clinical relevant levels of psychological distress (clinical case) was high (69,4 %). Many probands showed a remarkable history of drug use, delinquency, and other problem behavior prior to the imprisonment. Multiple regression and logistic regression analyses revealed that mental disorders of parents or siblings, foreign nationality, and somatic diseases were risk factors for psychological distress. The results underscore the need for improved clinical care in terms of psycho diagnostics, prevention, and intervention.

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“…It seems evident that the conditions of detention play an important role (Bourgeois, 1997;Andersen et al, 2000;Vasseur, 2001). Suspected contributing factors to insomnia can be grouped into four categories.…”

Section: Characteristics and Causes Of Insomnia In Places Of Detentionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prisoners' insomnia: to treat or not to treat? Medical decision-making in places of detention

Elger

2008

Med Sci Law

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Insomnia is a frequent reason for medical and psychiatric consultation in prisons. Medical decision-making in correctional health care should be based on the same principles as outside correctional institutions. In places of detention, principles should be balanced according to the same criteria as outside correctional institutions, while taking into account the unique harm-benefit ratios related to the specific context.The aim of this paper was to examine the existing attitudes and ethical issues related to decisionmaking about insomnia evaluation and treatment in places of detention.An analysis of the ethical issues and an evidencebased review of the consequences of different attitudes and treatments with regard to prison medicine were carried out.Insomnia is a public health problem and requires adequate evaluation and treatment to avoid more serious health consequences both within and outside correctional institutions. Insomnia treatment in places of detention is an ethical dilemma, but there is no evidence-based reason to avoid benzodiazepines in prison completely and to use only neuroleptics and antidepressants, which might represent more dangerous and less efficient treatment.In prison medicine, should we even treat insomnia? Widely accepted ethical strategies of decisionmaking indicate that we should. Institutional guidelines on insomnia should be based on ethically sound decision-making that takes into account the available evidence.

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A longitudinal study of prisoners on remand: psychiatric prevalence, incidence and psychopathology in solitary vs.non‐solitary confinement

Abstract: Different levels of stress give rise to different incidence of psychiatric morbidity among remand prisoners. The surplus of incident disorders among SC prisoners is related to SC, which may act as a mental health hazard.

Cited by 94 publications

References 0 publications

One Year Longitudinal Study of the Psychological Effects of Administrative Segregation

One Year Longitudinal Study of the Psychological Effects of Administrative Segregation

Psychische Belastung bei deutschsprachigen jugendlichen und heranwachsenden Inhaftierten in der Hafteingangssituation

Prisoners' insomnia: to treat or not to treat? Medical decision-making in places of detention

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