A longitudinal study of skin barrier function in pregnancy and the postnatal period

Gallagher, A.; Hourihane, Jonathan; Kenny, Louise C.; Irvine, Alan D.; Khashan, Ali S.

doi:10.1177/1753495x14547428

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Research shows that the TEWL values of pregnancy have steadily increased over time, but still within normal limits, 24 consistent with our results. From this, we speculate that the decrease of skin barrier function during pregnancy may be related to the decrease of saturated fatty acid content in SSL.…”

Section: From the Results Of Ssl Analysis In Pregnancies And Controls The Decrease Of Saturated Fatty Acid Content In Pregnancy Seems To supporting

confidence: 93%

Study on the skin status of mid‐pregnancy women based on lipidomics

Chen

Huang

2020

J of Cosmetic Dermatology

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Background: Pregnancy is a complex physiological state and its unique changes in skin state have been discussed. Skin surface lipid (SSL) is an important molecular basis for this skin condition, and it affects skin condition in a number of ways, but there are no complete research data on it. Objectives: To analyze the lipidome profiles of SSL in pregnancies and controls in order to understand SSL changes in pregnancy. It will provide theoretical data of SSL on skin care and prevention of skin diseases during pregnancy. Methods: Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS) and multivariate statistics were used to investigate the changes of SSL in pregnancy. Results: Results showed that there were significant differences (P < .05) in the lipidome between pregnancies and controls. Multivariate data analysis indicated that there were 20 important individual lipid species identified, and triglycerides (TGs) were the majority of differentiating lipid species. Conclusions: The increase of estrogen level in pregnancies antagonizes and inhibits the regulation of androgen on sebaceous gland, resulting in the decrease of sebum secretion and the weakening of skin barrier function. Besides, the decrease of saturated fatty acid content may be the main factor of the decrease of skin barrier function during pregnancy. Additionally, skin cells perform their self-regulation function to reduce or counteract abnormal state of the skin during pregnancy through the synthesis and secretion of more glycerophospholipids and ceramides.

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Section: From the Results Of Ssl Analysis In Pregnancies And Controls The Decrease Of Saturated Fatty Acid Content In Pregnancy Seems To supporting

confidence: 93%

Study on the skin status of mid‐pregnancy women based on lipidomics

Chen

Huang

2020

J of Cosmetic Dermatology

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“…Trans Epidermal Water Loss (TEWL) refers to the total amount of water loss through the skin, which can be used as an index of skin barrier function for non-invasive measurement. A previous study found that TEWL increases in pregnancy and the postnatal period 6 . Lipids significantly affect the skin state through different mechanisms, such as maintaining the barrier properties of the skin and acting as signaling molecules to transmit intercellular signals 7 , 26 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…psoriasis, and atopic dermatitis [AD]), may worsen or improve during pregnancy, and pregnancy-specific skin diseases, such as intrahepatic cholestasis and pruritic urticarial papules, may occur 3 . Skin diseases during pregnancy have received extensive attention and research 4 , 5 and often occur in close association with, changes in skin condition 6 . Therefore, we speculated that the state of the skin changes and is prone to some skin diseases during pregnancy, but at the molecular level, the specific changes that take place remain unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies have shown that defective skin barrier function is not simply a secondary consequence but rather a key factor in various skin diseases 9 , 14 , 15 . When the barrier function of the skin is impaired internally or externally, it manifests as irritation, inflammation, or other skin disorders 6 . Nevertheless, to the best of our knowledge, there are no studies comparing facial skin barrier function in non-pregnant normal women versus pregnant women.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lipidomic analysis of facial skin surface lipid reveals the causes of pregnancy-related skin barrier weakness

Yang

Zhou

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Self-reported skin discomfort is a common problem during pregnancy, but it is not clear whether skin barrier function is altered in the process. Few studies have described the skin barrier function during pregnancy. In this work, we used highly sensitive and high-resolution ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS) to distinguish skin surface lipid (SSL) combined with multivariate analysis of lipids and metabolic changes to determine the relationship between SSL changes and skin physiology during pregnancy in order to better understand the skin condition of pregnant women. The results showed a significant reduction in the total lipid content in pregnant women. A total of 2270 lipids were detected, and the relative abundances of fatty acyls and glycerolipids were significantly reduced, while glycerophospholipids (GPs), sphingolipids, and saccharolipids was significantly increased in the pregnancy group. Multivariate data analysis indicated that 23 entities constituted the most important individual species responsible for the discrimination and phosphatidylcholine was the most abundant lipid in pregnancy group. In addition, compared to SSL profile of control group, it was observed that the average chain length of ceramides and fatty acids both decreased in SSL profile of pregnancy group. The main and most commonly affected pathway was that of GP pathways. These findings indicate that skin lipids are significantly altered in mid-pregnancy compared to the control group. Changes in ostrogen during pregnancy also make the skin more susceptible to inflammatory factors and lead to more fragile and susceptible skin, weakening the skin barrier along with the lipid alterations.

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Associations between sun exposure, skin pH, and epidermal permeability in pregnancy: A longitudinal observational study

Stevens,

Gorman,

Arabiat

et al. 2024

Photochem & Photobiology

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Little is known about how sun exposure may affect the maternal skin barrier during pregnancy when many hormonal and physiological changes occur. In this longitudinal observational study, 50 pregnant women were recruited at 18–24 weeks' gestation, 25 in summer–autumn, and 25 in winter–spring. At three time points in pregnancy at 18–24, 28–30, and 36–38 weeks' gestation, participants completed a validated sun exposure questionnaire and had skin permeability and surface pH measured on the volar forearm. We identified an association between increased sun exposure and increased skin permeability at 18–24 weeks' gestation (β = 0.85, p = 0.01). Lower transepidermal water loss (decreased skin permeability), mean = 12.1 (SD = 5.1) at 28–30 weeks' gestation was observed, compared to mean = 12.6 (SD = 4.0) at 18–24 weeks' and mean = 13.7 (SD = 8.5) at 36–38 weeks' gestation (n = 27, β = −1.83, p = 0.007). Higher skin pH readings, mean = 5.80 (SD = 0.58) were found at 28–30 weeks' gestation, compared to mean = 5.25 (SD = 0.62) at 18–24 weeks' and mean = 5.47 (SD = 0.57) at 36–38 weeks' gestation (n = 27, β = 0.40, p = 0.004). These gestational fluctuations remained after adjusting for Fitzpatrick skin type, season, and sun exposure. We observed gestational fluctuations in both skin permeability and skin pH, with 28–30 weeks' gestation being a significant point of difference compared to mid‐ and late‐pregnancy periods.

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A longitudinal study of skin barrier function in pregnancy and the postnatal period

Abstract: TEWL increases slightly in pregnancy and the postnatal period. The clinical significance of this is unclear and requires further investigation.

Cited by 4 publications

References 14 publications

Study on the skin status of mid‐pregnancy women based on lipidomics

Study on the skin status of mid‐pregnancy women based on lipidomics

Lipidomic analysis of facial skin surface lipid reveals the causes of pregnancy-related skin barrier weakness

Associations between sun exposure, skin pH, and epidermal permeability in pregnancy: A longitudinal observational study

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