A longitudinal test of secondary transfer effects of negative intergroup contact and mediating processes

Kauff, Mathias; Kotzur, Patrick F.; Assche, Jasper Van; Schäfer, Sarina J.; Zalk, Maarten van; Wagner, Ulrich

doi:10.1002/ejsp.2966

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…First, many intergroup interactions in real-life situations will be shaped by expectations and previous experiences. Even if direct intergroup contact might be scarce in some settings, other forms of intergroup experiences, such as extended and vicarious intergroup contact (Vezzali et al, 2014), contact with for example similar groups (Kauff et al, 2023), and media portrays of outgroups are likely to affect any intergroup interactions we would be able to implement in such a video game setting, as previous research demonstrated that previous experiences with the respective group will affect subsequent intergroup contact (e.g., Paolini et al, 2014;Schäfer et al, 2022). One important focus for future research should therefore be to examine the interplay of real-life experiences and experiences in virtual settings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is especially true, as intergroup contact effects might not only generalize to the specific outgroup, but also have secondary transfer effects (e.g., Lolliot et al, 2013), whereby outgroup attitudes generalize toward groups not involved in the interaction itself. Even though to date, evidence regarding a secondary transfer effect of negative contact is still scarce (e.g., Kauff et al, 2023), this possibility should not be neglected. Yet, this also bears opportunities for positive contact induced in such a paradigm to impact intergroup relations up and above the contact directly induced.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploring the future: introduction of a new paradigm to examine intergroup experiences

Schäfer

2024

Front. Soc. Psychol.

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Intergroup contact theory, as one of the most established research strands in social psychology, has mostly relied on overall measured averages of intergroup contact over larger time spans. Yet, in everyday life, intergroup contact experiences are far more complex: they are sequential and cumulative and may vary on a range of dimensions, such as, for example, their perceived valence. In this article, I introduce a new experimental paradigm, primarily developed as a research manipulation, to examine intergroup contact, manipulated on the unit of single interactions in a video-game setting, which can also be run from a web server, so that participants can join from their home computers. Depending on experimental condition, in a first study, participants rated the perceived quality of multiple positive or negative intergroup interactions with an alien species and intergroup attitudes in a storytelling questionnaire setting (Pilot Study, N = 242). Study 1 implemented these positive and negative interactions in a video game, which was played in the laboratory (N = 44), and examined their effects on the perceived contact quality and intergroup attitudes. Study 2 (N = 64) utilized a web-based version of the video game to test the effects on intergroup attitudes. In all three studies participants in the positive condition evaluated the interactions, as well as the overall outgroup, more positive than participants in the negative condition. Furthermore, Study 1 and 2 explored participants' perception of the virtual environment and previous experiences with video games. The results suggest that specifically developed video games offer new pathways to study intergroup interactions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the future: introduction of a new paradigm to examine intergroup experiences

Schäfer

2024

Front. Soc. Psychol.

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The virtual cure for real‐world prejudice? Secondary transfer effects of intergroup contact in virtual reality

Tassinari,

Harjunen,

Cocco

et al. 2024

Community & Applied Soc Psy

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The secondary transfer effect (STE) of intergroup contact posits that contact with one social group may reduce prejudice not only towards contacted but also non‐contacted groups. Virtual reality (VR) has the potential to facilitate intergroup contact on a large scale, but its effectiveness in generating the STE of intergroup contact has not been studied before. In two pre‐registered studies conducted in Finland and Italy, we examined whether cooperative (positive) contact in VR between participants' White avatar and an avatar representing a person with African ethnic background had an extended effect on more positive attitudes towards other non‐contacted minority groups. Study 1 (N = 53) revealed that positive contact with a Black avatar in VR decreased explicit prejudice towards secondary non‐contacted outgroups (Middle Eastern people, Muslims, homosexual people, individuals with intellectual disabilities, and immigrants) via attitude generalization but not via intergroup anxiety. Study 2 (N = 132) expanded the design of Study 1 by including a competitive (negative) contact situation to test the STE of both positive and negative contact in VR. The findings of Study 2 showed a trend towards improvement in explicit attitudes towards one secondary outgroup (East Asian people) for positive contact as compared to negative contact. Overall, our findings show the potential of VR contact to alleviate generalized prejudice through the STE of positive intergroup contact. However, caution must be exercised, as competitive activities in VR are common and may have detrimental effects on intergroup attitudes. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.

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Do Positive and Negative Intergroup Contact Create Shifts in Ingroup and Outgroup Attitudes Over Time: A Three‐Wave Longitudinal Study Testing Alternative Mediation Models

Bagci,

Çoksan,

Turnuklu

et al. 2024

Community & Applied Soc Psy

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The current study investigated how contact experiences may be associated with attitudes towards the ingroup and the outgroup using a three‐wave longitudinal study. We assessed Turkish native children's contact with Syrian refugees (N = 487, Mage = 10.60, SDage = 0.90) and explored relationships between initial contact and later ingroup and outgroup attitudes testing alternative mediation models. We also examined whether negative contact with outgroup members may directly or indirectly predict more positive ingroup attitudes. Findings demonstrated that positive contact was associated with both reduced ingroup positivity and increased outgroup positivity over time. However, unlike the traditionally suggested mediational pathway in contact‐deprovincialization literature, initial positive contact (T1) was associated with less positive ingroup attitudes (T3) through more positive outgroup attitudes at T2. There was no evidence for the role of negative intergroup contact on ingroup or outgroup attitudes. Findings are discussed within the broader scope of contact theory and the recently growing deprovincialization literature. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.

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A longitudinal test of secondary transfer effects of negative intergroup contact and mediating processes

Cited by 6 publications

References 94 publications

Exploring the future: introduction of a new paradigm to examine intergroup experiences

Exploring the future: introduction of a new paradigm to examine intergroup experiences

The virtual cure for real‐world prejudice? Secondary transfer effects of intergroup contact in virtual reality

Do Positive and Negative Intergroup Contact Create Shifts in Ingroup and Outgroup Attitudes Over Time: A Three‐Wave Longitudinal Study Testing Alternative Mediation Models

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