A loss-of-function allele of a TAC1-like gene (SlTAC1) located on tomato chromosome 10 is a candidate for the Erectoid leaf (Erl) mutation

González-Arcos, M.; Fonseca, Maria Esther de Noronha; Zandonadi, Daniel Basílio; Peres, Lázaro Eustáquio Pereira; Arruabarrena, Ana; Ferreira, Demetryus Silva; Kevei, Zoltán; Mohareb, Fady; Thompson, Andrew J.; Boiteux, L. S.

doi:10.1007/s10681-019-2418-1

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…However, species-wide interpretations of results from maize should be cautioned because in addition to its role in gravitropism and shoot architecture, LAZY1 is also essential for tassel and ear development in maize 5 .In contrast to the mechanistic knowledge about LAZY1, much less is known about TAC1. Its function in promoting wide lateral shoot angles is dosage dependent and light regulated 3,[13][14][15][16][17][18][19][32][33][34] . TAC1 expression has been detected in shoot tissues in peach, poplar, and Arabidopsis, with higher expression detected in apical regions 3,16,34 .…”

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Opposing influences of TAC1 and LAZY1 on Lateral Shoot Orientation in Arabidopsis

Hollender

Hill

Waite

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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TAC1 and LAZY1 are members of a gene family that regulates lateral shoot orientation in plants. TAC1 promotes outward orientations in response to light, while LAZY1 promotes upward shoot orientations in response to gravity via altered auxin transport. We performed genetic, molecular, and biochemical assays to investigate possible interactions between these genes. In Arabidopsis they were expressed in similar tissues and double mutants revealed the wide-angled lazy1 branch phenotype, indicating it is epistatic to the tac1 shoot phenotype. Surprisingly, the lack of TAC1 did not influence gravitropic shoot curvature responses. Combined, these results suggest TAC1 might negatively regulate LAZY1 to promote outward shoot orientations. However, additional results revealed that TAC1-and LAZY1 influence on shoot orientation is more complex than a simple direct negative regulatory pathway. Transcriptomes of Arabidopsis tac1 and lazy1 mutants compared to wild type under normal and gravistimulated conditions revealed few overlapping differentially expressed genes. Overexpression of each gene did not result in major branch angle differences. Shoot tip hormone levels were similar between tac1, lazy1, and Col, apart from exceptionally elevated levels of salicylic acid in lazy1. The data presented here provide a foundation for future study of TAC1 and LAZY1 regulation of shoot architecture.Lateral organ orientation in both shoots and roots plays a key role in a plant's interaction with the environment and its ability to access resources such as light and water. The IGT gene family members TILLER ANGLE CONTROL 1 (TAC1) and the related set of LAZY genes are important regulators of lateral organ orientation 1,2 . These genes share four conserved amino acid regions or domains, and LAZY genes share an additional C-terminal domain 3,4 . TAC1 generally occurs as a single copy gene, but many species possess multiple LAZY genes, with six identified in Arabidopsis 2-8 . While the LAZY1 gene of Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) contributes almost exclusively to shoot architecture, the remaining Arabidopsis LAZY genes primarily control root architecture 7,8 . However, GUS reporter activity and additive shoot phenotypes in plants with combinatorial lazy1, lazy2, and lazy4 mutations suggest LAZY2 and LAZY4 also have a role in regulating shoot orientation 7,8 . LAZY2, 3, and 4 are also known as DEEPER ROOTING (DRO3, 2, & 1) and NEGATIVE GRAVITROPIC RESPONSE OF ROOTS (NGR1, 3, & 2), respectively, as they were separately identified as regulators of lateral root orientation 6,9-12 . Further, an alternate LAZY gene nomenclature denotes LAZY3 as LZY2 and LAZY4 as LZ3Y 8 .Lateral branches, tillers, leaves, and flower buds of plants with loss-of-function tac1 mutations or reduced TAC1 expression exhibit upright orientations 3,13-19 . In contrast, lazy1 mutants have wider branch or tiller angles and lazy4/dro1 mutants display prostrate lateral root orientations 4-9,20-24 . Plants with multiple lazy/dro mutations exhibit even wider lateral shoot/root...

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Opposing influences of TAC1 and LAZY1 on Lateral Shoot Orientation in Arabidopsis

Hollender

Hill

Waite

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…A multiple sequence alignment of TAC1 from cotton and various plant species is only modestly similar with an average percent identity of 33% and only 30 (9%) identical sites ( Figure 2 ). Alignments revealed the presence of conserved domains of the TAC1 gene in other plant species, such as the IGT conserved motif ( Figure 2 ), which is known to have an impact on vertical shoot growth in a broad range of plant species ( Roychoudhry and Kepinski, 2015 ; González-Arcos et al., 2019 ). Similarity, homeologs also differed significantly among the TAC1 copies.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic and functional analysis of tiller angle control homeologs in allotetraploid cotton

Kangben,

Kumar,

et al. 2024

Front. Plant Sci.

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IntroductionPlants can adapt their growth to optimize light capture in competitive environments, with branch angle being a crucial factor influencing plant phenotype and physiology. Decreased branch angles in cereal crops have been shown to enhance productivity in high-density plantings. The Tiller Angle Control (TAC1) gene, known for regulating tiller inclination in rice and corn, has been found to control branch angle in eudicots. Manipulating TAC1 in field crops like cotton offers the potential for improving crop productivity.MethodsUsing a homolog-based methodology, we examined the distribution of TAC1-related genes in cotton compared to other angiosperms. Furthermore, tissue-specific qPCR analysis unveiled distinct expression patterns of TAC1 genes in various cotton tissues. To silence highly expressed specific TAC1 homeologs in the stem, we applied CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing and Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, followed by genotyping and subsequent phenotypic validation of the mutants.ResultsGene duplication events of TAC1 specific to the Gossypium lineage were identified, with 3 copies in diploid progenitors and 6 copies in allotetraploid cottons. Sequence analysis of the TAC1 homeologs in Gossypium hirsutum revealed divergence from other angiosperms with 1-2 copies, suggesting possible neo- or sub-functionalization for the duplicated copies. These TAC1 homeologs exhibited distinct gene expression patterns in various tissues over developmental time, with elevated expression of A11G109300 and D11G112200, specifically in flowers and stems, respectively. CRISPR-mediated loss of these TAC1 homeologous genes resulted in a reduction in branch angle and altered petiole angles, and a 5 to 10-fold reduction in TAC1 expression in the mutants, confirming their role in controlling branch and petiole angles. This research provides a promising strategy for genetically engineering branch and petiole angles in commercial cotton varieties, potentially leading to increased productivity.

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“…Studying the genes which control weeping traits can provide insights into the molecular mechanisms by which branch orientation is regulated, many of which are still unknown. This will ultimately benefit production strategies for diverse crop species, as control of branch orientation is crucial to aspects such as planting density, spray coverage, yield (Ku et al, 2011;Zhao et al, 2014;Roychoudhry and Kepinski, 2015;Xu et al, 2017;González-Arcos et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defying Gravity:WEEPpromotes negative gravitropism inPrunus persica(peach) shoots and roots by establishing asymmetric auxin gradients

Kohler,

Scheil,

Hill

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Trees with weeping shoot architectures are valued for their beauty and serve as tremendous resources for understanding how plants regulate posture control. The Prunus persica (peach) weeping phenotype, which has elliptical downward arching branches, is caused by a homozygous mutation in the WEEP gene. Until now, little was known about the function of WEEP protein despite its high conservation throughout Plantae. Here, we present the results of anatomical, biochemical, biomechanical, physiological, and molecular experiments that provide insight into WEEP function. Our data suggest that weeping peach does not have defects in branch structure. Rather, transcriptomes from the adaxial (upper) and abaxial (lower) sides of standard and weeping branch shoot tips revealed flipped expression patterns for genes associated with early auxin response, tissue patterning, cell elongation, and tension wood development. This suggests that WEEP promotes polar auxin transport toward the lower side during shoot gravitropic response, leading to cell elongation and tension wood development. In addition, weeping peach trees exhibited steeper root systems and faster root gravitropic response, just as barley and wheat with mutations in their WEEP homolog EGT2. This suggests that the role of WEEP in regulating lateral organ angles and orientations during gravitropism may be conserved. Additionally, size-exclusion chromatography indicated that WEEP proteins self-oligomerize, like other SAM-domain proteins. This oligomerization may be required for WEEP to function in formation of protein complexes during auxin transport. Collectively, our results from weeping peach provide new insight into polar auxin transport mechanisms associated with gravitropism and lateral shoot and root orientation.

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A loss-of-function allele of a TAC1-like gene (SlTAC1) located on tomato chromosome 10 is a candidate for the Erectoid leaf (Erl) mutation

Cited by 9 publications

References 56 publications

Opposing influences of TAC1 and LAZY1 on Lateral Shoot Orientation in Arabidopsis

Opposing influences of TAC1 and LAZY1 on Lateral Shoot Orientation in Arabidopsis

Phylogenetic and functional analysis of tiller angle control homeologs in allotetraploid cotton

Defying Gravity:WEEPpromotes negative gravitropism inPrunus persica(peach) shoots and roots by establishing asymmetric auxin gradients

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