A Low-Cost Layered Double Hydroxide (LDH) Based Amperometric Sensor for the Detection of Isoproturon in Water Using Carbon Paste Modified Electrode

Abstract

In this work, a Layered Double Hydroxide (NiAl-LDH) was obtained by coprecipitation method and used to elaborate an electrochemical sensor for the determination of isoproturon, which is a hazardous pollutant, widely used in agriculture, and its residue is distributed into aqueous environment through run-off and leaching from the soil. Various physicochemical techniques such as FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and thermal analysis were used to characterize this material. The anionic exchange capacity of NiAl-LDH on carbon paste modified electrode was investigated toward [Fe(CN)6]3- using cyclic voltammetry. Used as electrode modifier of carbon paste electrode for isoproturon detection, a remarkable increase in isoproturon signal on modified carbon paste electrode by LDH was observed. The peak current obtained after 3 min of preconcentration in 25 μM ISO on NiAl-LDH/CPE was 2.6 times higher than that exhibited by the same analyte on the unmodified CPE, thereby opening the way to the development of a sensitive method for the detection of ISO. Other parameters that can affect the stripping response (preconcentration time, pH of detection medium, and LDH loading within the paste) were investigated to optimize the proposed sensor. After optimization, a linear calibration curve was obtained in the concentration range from 2 × 10−8 to 1.8 × 10−7 M, leading to a detection limit of 1 × 10−9 M (S/N = 3). The relative standard deviation for 5 identical measurements was 2.7%. The interfering effect of some compounds and ions was examined on the stripping response of ISO. The applicability of the method was verified by the determination of ISO in spiked water sample.

Recent Advances in Layered Double Hydroxide-Based Electrochemical and Optical Sensors

“…CV is frequently used to characterize an LDH-based probe's electrochemical properties. Tcheumi et al utilized CV with [Fe(CN) 6 ] 3− redox probe ions to measure the electrocatalytic ability of a NiAl-LDH sensor for isoproturon detection [108]. Highly crystalline NiAl-LDHs were synthesized via the co-precipitation of Ni(NO 3 ) 2 •6H 2 O and Al(NO 3 ) 3 •9H 2 O.…”

Competitive Removal of Cationic Dye Using NiAl-LDH Modified with Hydrochar

“…The intense band at 1384 cm -1 is caused by the vibration mode of the nitrate ion in the interlayer space. The band characteristics in the metal-oxygen bond stretching appear at 664 cm -1 and 540 cm -1 due to the various lattice vibrations associated with the sheet metal hydroxide (Tcheumi et al, 2020). Figure 2(b).…”

New Trends in Nanoclay-Modified Sensors

“…During the past decade, works devoted to the development of electrochemical devices suitable for the detection of pesticides have gained growing interest as innovative alternatives in terms of on-site detection, sensitivity, rapid response, miniature size, and low cost. Most reported papers have been devoted to the development of CLME for the detection of herbicides (such as mesotrione, glyphosate, phenyl urea herbicides, and paraquat) [3,20,[38][39][40][41] and fungicides (such as propineb, chlorpyrifos, or carbendazim) [42][43][44].…”

“…Raw nanoclays [20,38,40] and modified nanoclays with metallic cations such as Cu 2+ [42] or organic cations have been tested as CLME. Among the possible organic molecules intercalated in the nanoclay interlayer, cetyltrimethylammonium (SaCTA) [20], didodecyldimethyl ammonium (SaDDA) [20], acetylcholinesterase (AChE) [43], or methyl viologen (MV) [38] are the most common ones.…”

“…Herbicide detection has also been studied with CLME (Table 3) [20,21,[38][39][40][45][46][47]. Diverse electrode configuration has been tested, with paraquat being the most common analyte detected.…”