A Low–Cost, Light–Weight, High–Efficiency Fabry–Perot Antenna

Efficiency enhancement techniques of microwave and millimeter‐wave antennas for 5G communication: A survey

“…Thick layers raise the antenna's cost and weight. In order to save costs, FR4 substrate is used in paper 15 ; however, it has a high loss tangent, which affects efficiency; so, the thickness of the substrate is kept low as a thin layer reduces losses. To eliminate the losses of FR4 and improve the radiation efficiency, air substrate is used in paper 15 .…”

“…In order to save costs, FR4 substrate is used in paper 15 ; however, it has a high loss tangent, which affects efficiency; so, the thickness of the substrate is kept low as a thin layer reduces losses. To eliminate the losses of FR4 and improve the radiation efficiency, air substrate is used in paper 15 . The coaxial cables outer conductor is linked to ground, which is a distance below the radiating patch, and the inner conductor is attached to the patch.…”

“…The resonance frequency is proportional to the height H. With a rise in H, the resonance frequency shifts to a lower value. At 6 GHz, the proposed Fabry‐Perot antenna has a radiation efficiency of more than 95%, a gain of 14.03 dBi, and an impedance bandwidth of 15.2% 15 …”

“…To eliminate the losses of FR4 and improve the radiation efficiency, air substrate is used in paper. 15 The coaxial cables outer conductor is linked to ground, which is a distance below the radiating patch, and the inner conductor is attached to the patch. In compared to thick substrates, air substrates provide great radiation efficiency at a low cost and weight.…”

“…Low loss, low permittivity dielectric substrates can be used to reduce dielectric losses and power dissipation losses in substrates, however they are expensive and increase the size of the antenna owing to an increase in the value of the guided wavelength. 1,2,8,9 Dielectric losses or substrate losses can be reduced using several other ways such as removing a section of the substrate, 8 constructing an air gap, 10 air filled metallic cavity, 11 substrate insensitive antennas, [12][13][14] Fabry-Perot antennas, [15][16][17] and employing artificial materials in substrate. 18 Conductor losses or ohmic losses can be decreased by employing several stacked laminated conductors for patch instead of a single conductor, [19][20][21] dielectric material for patch instead of metallic patches, 22 dense dielectric patch, 23 and so on.…”