“…To widen the operating bandwidth of microstrip antennae, many efforts have been exerted by the publishers taking into consideration the size miniaturization, complexity minimization, and cost reduction. Different techniques have been addressed to meet the desired requirements and some of these techniques are partial ground plane [ 6 , 7 , 8 ], electromagnetic band gap (EBG) ground structure [ 9 ], loaded rectangular and annular notches in the ground plane [ 10 , 11 , 12 ], radiator ring slot and shorting vias [ 13 ], parasitic elements [ 14 ], and electrostrictive effect [ 15 ].…”