A Low-Cost, Open-Source Peer-to-Peer Energy Trading System for a Remote Community Using the Internet-of-Things, Blockchain, and Hypertext Transfer Protocol

Baig, Mirza Jabbar Aziz; Iqbal, M. Tariq; Jamil, Mohsin; Khan, Jahangir

doi:10.3390/en15134862

Cited by 24 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The work refers, however, to small photovoltaic systems, and they show that, even in that limited case, IoT application has the advantage of making the plant management independent of any inverter control systems. The proposed methodology can be also generalized to large systems, and similar studies have been performed by one of the authors on PV systems connected to the grid [19,20]. The use of IoT systems serving simple SCADA systems has been very often proposed, especially for small photovoltaic systems.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study on an IoT-Based SCADA System for Photovoltaic Utility Plants

Ferlito,

Ippolito,

Santagata

et al. 2024

Electronics

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Large-scale photovoltaic (PV) electricity production plants rely on reliable operation and maintenance (O&M) systems, often operated by means of supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) platforms aimed at limiting, as much as possible, the intrinsic volatility of this energy resource. The current trend is to develop SCADAs that achieve the finest possible control of the system components to efficiently and effectively cope with possible energy delivery problems. In this study, we investigated an innovative design of an IoT-based SCADA specifically tailored for large PV systems in which data transmission overheads are reduced by adopting lightweight protocols, and reliable data storage is achieved by means of hybrid solutions that allow the storage of historical data, enabling accurate performance analysis and predictive maintenance protocols. The proposed solution relies on an architecture where independent functional microservices handle specific tasks, ensuring scalability and fault tolerance. The technical approaches for IoT-SCADA connectivity are herein described in detail, comparing different possible technical choices. The proposed IoT-based SCADA is based on edge computing for latency reduction and to enhance real-time decision making, enabling scalability, and centralized management while leveraging cloud services. The resulting hybrid solutions that combine edge and cloud resources offer a balance between responsiveness and scalability. Finally, in the study, a blockchain solution was taken into account to certify energy data, ensuring traceability, security, and reliability in commercial transactions.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study on an IoT-Based SCADA System for Photovoltaic Utility Plants

Ferlito,

Ippolito,

Santagata

et al. 2024

Electronics

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“…In recent years, blockchain-based P2P-ET solutions have been extensively studied from various focused perspectives. These include security and privacy [8,9], performance [10,11], system modeling, design and development [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22], and resolving challenges in specific application scenarios [23][24][25][26][27].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

BPET: A Unified Blockchain-Based Framework for Peer-to-Peer Energy Trading

Fan,

Khazaei,

Musilek

2024

Future Internet

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Recent years have witnessed a significant dispersion of renewable energy and the emergence of blockchain-enabled transactive energy systems. These systems facilitate direct energy trading among participants, cutting transmission losses, improving energy efficiency, and fostering renewable energy adoption. However, developing such a system is usually challenging and time-consuming due to the diversity of energy markets. The lack of a market-agnostic design hampers the widespread adoption of blockchain-based peer-to-peer energy trading globally. In this paper, we propose and develop a novel unified blockchain-based peer-to-peer energy trading framework, called BPET. This framework incorporates microservices and blockchain as the infrastructures and adopts a highly modular smart contract design so that developers can easily extend it by plugging in localized energy market rules and rapidly developing a customized blockchain-based peer-to-peer energy trading system. Additionally, we have developed the price formation mechanisms, e.g., the system marginal price calculation algorithm and the pool price calculation algorithm, to demonstrate the extensibility of the BPET framework. To validate the proposed solution, we have conducted a comprehensive case study using real trading data from the Alberta Electric System Operator. The experimental results confirm the system’s capability of processing energy trading transactions efficiently and effectively within the Alberta electricity wholesale market.

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“…The work considered a basic scenario between two peers only for the P2P energy trading model. In [17], the authors presented low-cost, open-source P2P energy trading for a remote community in Pakistan based on IoT and blockchain technologies. This system was designed and implemented based on six main components: field devices, ESP32, a relay, a user interface, a local WiFi network, and Ethereum private blockchain.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Evaluation of Communication Infrastructure for Peer-to-Peer Energy Trading in Community Microgrids

Eltamaly

Ahmed

2023

Energies

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With the rapidly growing energy consumption and the rising number of prosumers, next-generation energy management systems are facing significant impacts by peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading, which will enable prosumers to sell and purchase energy locally. Until now, the large-scale deployment of P2P energy trading has still posed many technical challenges for both physical and virtual layers. Although the communication infrastructure represents the cornerstone to enabling real-time monitoring and control, less attention has been given to the performance of different communication technologies to support P2P implementations. This work investigates the scalability and performance of the communication infrastructure that supports P2P energy trading on a community microgrid. Five levels make up the developed P2P architecture: the power grid, communication network, cloud management, blockchain, and application. Based on the IEC 61850 standard, we developed a communication network model for a smart consumer that comprised renewable energy sources and energy storage devices. Two different scenarios were investigated: a home area network for a smart prosumer and a neighborhood area network for a community-based P2P architecture. Through simulations, the suggested network models were assessed for their channel bandwidth and end-to-end latency utilizing different communication technologies.

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A Low-Cost, Open-Source Peer-to-Peer Energy Trading System for a Remote Community Using the Internet-of-Things, Blockchain, and Hypertext Transfer Protocol

Cited by 24 publications

References 26 publications

A Study on an IoT-Based SCADA System for Photovoltaic Utility Plants

A Study on an IoT-Based SCADA System for Photovoltaic Utility Plants

BPET: A Unified Blockchain-Based Framework for Peer-to-Peer Energy Trading

Performance Evaluation of Communication Infrastructure for Peer-to-Peer Energy Trading in Community Microgrids

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