A Low-Cost, Portable, High-Throughput Wireless Sensor System for Phonocardiography Applications

Abstract

This paper presents the design and testing of a wireless sensor system developed using a Microchip PICDEM developer kit to acquire and monitor human heart sounds for phonocardiography applications. This system can serve as a cost-effective option to the recent developments in wireless phonocardiography sensors that have primarily focused on Bluetooth technology. This wireless sensor system has been designed and developed in-house using off-the-shelf components and open source software for remote and mobile applications. The small form factor (3.75 cm × 5 cm × 1 cm), high throughput (6,000 Hz data streaming rate), and low cost ($13 per unit for a 1,000 unit batch) of this wireless sensor system make it particularly attractive for phonocardiography and other sensing applications. The experimental results of sensor signal analysis using several signal characterization techniques suggest that this wireless sensor system can capture both fundamental heart sounds (S1 and S2), and is also capable of capturing abnormal heart sounds (S3 and S4) and heart murmurs without aliasing. The results of a denoising application using Wavelet Transform show that the undesirable noises of sensor signals in the surrounding environment can be reduced dramatically. The exercising experiment results also show that this proposed wireless PCG system can capture heart sounds over different heart conditions simulated by varying heart rates of six subjects over a range of 60–180 Hz through exercise testing.

Imaging of the heart with phonocardiography

“…The phonocardiographic images show the source of the heart sounds and we expect in another step to do a frequency specific phonocardiographic image. To do so, we need a really good microphone whose sensitivity is greatest for 20 -800 Hz and we are currently working on it (for more on the implementation and validation of the phonocardiographic sensor, see [ 10 ]). A heart energy signature spectrogram is presented in [ 11 ] (a spectrogram presenting an intensity/frequency image of heart sounds in a period of time), and in [ 12 ] the difference in a spectrogram between normal and rheumatic hearts sounds can be seen.…”

Auskultasi Jarak Jauh untuk Pengukuran dan Perekaman Sinyal Suara Jantung

“…Bersamaan dengan hal itu, dalam beberapa tahun terakhir perkembangan teknologi informasi mengarah pada pemanfaatan Internet of Things (IoT) dalam bidang kesehatan [2]. Sebagai contoh, IoT dapat digunakan untuk melakukan pengambilan data dan pengukuran sinyal jantung secara jarak jauh, atau dikenal dengan istilah teleauskultasi [3]. Beberapa keuntungan dari tele-auskultasi misalnya, pengukuran sinyal jantung dapat dilakukan untuk daerah pedesaan di mana kehadiran dokter ahli sangat jarang karena perangkat IoT memungkinkan pengiriman data sinyal jantung secara daring dengan memanfaatkan jaringan komunikasi internet.…”

Monitoring System of Mechanical Activity of the Heart and Goelocalization of the Patient Based on the Mqtt Cloud

“…The data is stored in the Cloud MQTT server and can be exported as CSV file, allowing researchers and students to access the signal for application of the course on signal processing. 3 Therefore, the system proposed in this work reveals a unique design and management compared to previous works [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10], including the use of ESP-12E as a Web server for viewing data in a locality where an internet connection does not exist in the distance between patient and doctor. Some existing devices are limited in transmission distance, which prevents the patient from performing activities around the world [4,[11][12].…”