A low-cost vibrating sample magnetometry based on audio components

Engineering Pt/Co/AlO x heterostructures to enhance the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction

“…The hysteresis curves were measured by sweeping the out of plane (OOP) field (H z ) shown in figure 1(a), and their square shapes confirm the strong PMA nature of our samples. The saturation magnetizations (M s ) of the samples were derived from the magnetic hysteresis loops (presented in the supplementary material figure S1(a)) measured by using VSM [31]. The anisotropy fields (H k ) were extracted from the magnetoresistance curve of the in-plane (IP) hysteresis loops (figure S1(b)) by applying a low DC current ∼ 1 mA [30].…”

A High Sensitivity Custom-Built Vibrating Sample Magnetometer

“…In contrast, the VSM, first developed by Foner in 1959 [7], is an instrument widely used in both research and teaching labs, due in large part to the ruggedness and simplicity of its design, coupled with the precision and repeatability of its measurement technique. Although a commercial VSM can provide sensitivities in the range of 1 × 10 −7 emu, a much more cost-effective and easily adaptable option can often be built in house to address specific needs [8][9][10][11][12].…”