A low glycaemic load breakfast can attenuate cognitive impairments observed in middle aged obese females with impaired glucose tolerance

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“…The following examples demonstrate such variability as well. In subjects with impaired glucose tolerance and central adiposity, a low-GL breakfast, relative to a high-GL breakfast, attenuated verbal memory impairment (41). However, such changes were not seen in subjects with diabetes or those with normal glucose tolerance and waist circumference (41,42).…”

“…In subjects with impaired glucose tolerance and central adiposity, a low-GL breakfast, relative to a high-GL breakfast, attenuated verbal memory impairment (41). However, such changes were not seen in subjects with diabetes or those with normal glucose tolerance and waist circumference (41,42). In another study, high-GI evening meals, compared to low, resulted in better verbal recall and memory performance the next day, suggesting a second-meal cognitive effect (43).…”

A randomised trial comparing low-fat diets differing in carbohydrate and protein ratio, combined with regular moderate intensity exercise, on glycaemic control, cardiometabolic risk factors, food cravings, cognitive function and psychological wellbeing in adults with type 2 diabetes: Study protocol

“…The cognitive battery selected has been used in previous dietary intervention studies for adults with both T2DM and impaired glucose tolerance [31,32]. It consisted of a series of six tests to examine a range of cognitive abilities: Visual Verbal Learning Test (VVLT) is the visual analogue of the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning task [33] and assesses immediate and delayed memory, and interference effects [34]; Visual Spatial Learning Test (VSLT) which assesses non-verbal, visuospatial memory and learning [35]; Corsi Block Tapping Test which assesses spatial working memory [36][37][38]; Grooved Pegboard [39] and computerised Psychomotor Test [31] which assess psychomotor performance, manual dexterity and fine motor skills and the Tower of Hanoi which assesses executive function ( problem solving and planning ability) [40].…”

Postprandial effect of breakfast glycaemic index on vascular function, glycaemic control and cognitive performance (BGI study): study protocol for a randomised crossover trial

“…On the other hand, increasing evidence has shown that the postprandial glycaemic response also has a potential impact on cognitive function [23]. Due to the importance that cognitive processes have on professional development, there is interest in examining the influence of breakfasts with different GI values on cognitive outcomes in healthy young adults.…”

“…The effect that breakfasts with different GIs may have on cognitive performance has been studied in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity, but it is not clear that a specific GI breakfast could benefit cognitive processes in these participants [23, 25]. However, various studies conducted on children have explored the relationship between breakfasts consisting of different GI foods and cognitive functions with contrasting results [24, 26–29].…”