A Low‐Hysteresis and Highly Stretchable Ionogel Enabled by Well Dispersed Slidable Cross‐Linker for Rapid Human‐Machine Interaction

Abstract

Ionic conductive soft materials for mimicking human skin are a promising topic since they can be thought of as a possible basis for biomimetic sensing. In pursuit of devices with a long working range and low signal delay, conductive materials with low hysteresis and good stretchability are highly demanded. To overcome the challenges of highly stretchable conductive materials with good resilience, herein a chemical design is proposed where polyrotaxanes act as topological cross-linkers to enhance the stretchability by sliding-induced reduced stress concentration while the compatible ionic liquid is introduced as a dispersant for low hysteresis. The obtained ionogels exhibit versatile properties more than low hysteresis (residual strain = 7%) and good stretchability (550%), and also anti-fatigue, biocompatibility, and good adhesion. The low hysteresis is attributed to lower energy dissipation from the well-dispersed polyrotaxanes by compatible ionic liquids. The mechanism provides a new insight in fabricating highly stretchable and low-hysteresis slide-ring materials. Furthermore, the conductivity of the ionogels and their responses to strains and temperatures are measured. Benefiting from the good conductivity and low hysteresis, the ionogel is applied to develop a wireless communication system to realize rapid human-machine interactions.

Materials-Driven Soft Wearable Bioelectronics for Connected Healthcare

“…754,755 Alternatively, low-hysteresis monitoring could be achieved through chemical modification. 756 Using wearable sensors to monitor cervical movements could provide valuable insights into neck health, injury prevention, rehabilitation, performance optimization, and ergonomics. As shown in Figure 37d, cervical movements could be monitoring based on three ionic liquid-based stretchable sensors array.…”

“…However, elastomers normally experience huge hysteresis especially during repeated high-frequency deformation. Several studies were undertaken to eliminate the hysteresis based on a deep-learning assisted dynamic calibration algorithm. , Alternatively, low-hysteresis monitoring could be achieved through chemical modification . Using wearable sensors to monitor cervical movements could provide valuable insights into neck health, injury prevention, rehabilitation, performance optimization, and ergonomics.…”

Towards high performance and durable soft tactile actuators

“…328 Also, Du et al suppressed hysteresis effects of slide ring polymers by introducing ionic liquid dispersants. 332 This reduced the aggregation of CDs, enhancing the freedom of sliding and thereby minimizing energy dissipation. Another advantage of SRMs is the improved fracture toughness arising from the ability of crosslinks to slide towards the ends of the polymer chains, away from the crack plane (Fig.…”

Skin‐Like Transparent, High Resilience, Low Hysteresis, Fatigue‐Resistant Cellulose‐Based Eutectogel for Self‐Powered E‐Skin and Human–Machine Interaction

“…Recently, many efforts have been devoted to developing the high elastic E‐skin through well‐defined structure design strategies, such as the construction of dense chain entanglement, [ 5 ] abundant dynamic sacrificial bonds (i.e., hydrogen bonds, metal‐ligand coordination bonds, and electrostatic interaction, etc. ), [ 6 ] eliminating temporary entanglement, [ 7 ] reducing intermolecular friction [ 8 ] and topological structure. [ 9 ] For instance, Suo and co‐workers developed a highly elastic and tough hydrogel by constructing a fabriclike topology of the dense entanglements weave and the sparse crosslinks fasten.…”