A low-power CMOS analog vector quantizer

Abstract

Abstract-WeIndex Terms-CMOS integrated circuits, low-power design, vector quanitzation.

An efficient initialization mechanism of neurons for Winner Takes All Neural Network implemented in the CMOS technology

“…Distance calculation circuit (DCC) is responsible for the calculation of a distance between XðtÞ and W j ðtÞ vector in a given, jth, neuron. In the analog approach this block can be realized either as a voltage-mode [28,29] or a current-mode circuit [30][31][32]. Example circuits of this type have been reported in [32][33][34].…”

IAVQ-interval-arithmetic vector quantization for image compression

“…Each block is encoded by working out its associated best-matching codevector (1). For images with gray-level pixels that may assume up to values, the resulting compression ratio is given by (2) For example, an 8-bpp image that is split into blocks covering pixels , a (typical) codebook holding codewords yields a compression ratio . Clearly, larger block sizes yield higher compression ratios.…”

“…The compatibility of the block-classification schema described in Section III-B with standard VQ makes it possible to exploit the results of previous research. In particular, the whole image-coding process can be supported by a dedicated VLSI device [2]- [6] that can perform the WTA-based prototype matching and selection.…”

“…The heavy computational load represents a crucial issue of VQ schemata. It can be tackled by either dedicated hardware circuitry [2]- [6] or accelerated algorithms [7]- [9].…”

Low-Power Analog Associative Processors Employing Resonance-Type Current-Voltage Characteristics

“…Euclidean distance circuits (Tuttle et al, 1993) utilizing MOSFET square-law cells were employed in an 8-bit parallel analog vector quantization (VQ) chip. Konda et al (1996) and Cauwenberghs & Pedroni (1997) proposed neuron MOSFET (νMOS)-based and charged-based Manhattan-distance evaluation cells, respectively. A νMOS-based Euclidean distance calculator used in a recognition system for handwritten digits was proposed (Vlassis et al, 2001).…”