A low-power CMOS integrated circuit for field-powered radio frequency identification tags

Friedman, Daniel; Heinrich, H.; Duan, D.-W.

doi:10.1109/isscc.1997.585390

Cited by 55 publications

(23 citation statements)

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“…The reason for this is that a device in sleep state can detect a paging signal through a passive RAS receiver only if the sequence is transmitted at low rate [18]. Thus, in order to keep the signaling overhead small, paging sequences must be short (namely, 5-8 bits long depending on the technology used), and their number may be not large enough to uniquely address all the nodes in the same area.…”

Section: B Paging Schemementioning

confidence: 99%

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Improving energy saving in wireless systems by using dynamic power management

Chiasserini

Rao

2003

IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.

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Abstract-In this paper, we develop a novel approach to conserving energy in battery-powered communication devices. There are two salient aspects to this approach. First, the battery-powered devices move through multiple, progressively deeper, sleep states in a predictable manner. Nodes in deeper sleep states consume lower energy while asleep, but incur a longer delay and higher energy cost to awaken. Second, the nodes are woken up on demand through a paging signal. To awaken nodes that are in deep sleep, the paging signal has to be decoded using very low power circuits such as those used in radio frequency tags. To accommodate this need, in a manner that scales well with the number of nodes, the number of distinct paging signals has to be much less than the number of possible nodes. This is accomplished through a group-based wakeup scheme, which initially awakens the targeted node along with a number of other similarly disposed nodes that subsequently return to their original sleep state. Tradeoffs among energy consumption, delay as well as overhead, are presented; comparisons with other protocols show the potential for 16% to 50% improvement in energy consumption.Index Terms-Dynamic power management, energy efficiency, wireless quality of service (QoS).

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Section: B Paging Schemementioning

confidence: 99%

“…nodes in waking up at time (16) where represents the probability node wakes up at time . Finally, by using (13)- (16) in (11), we obtain (17) Similarly, for , we have (18) Notice that the total number of nodes that are in the transition periods ( and ) is equal to .…”

Section: Performance Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving energy saving in wireless systems by using dynamic power management

Chiasserini

Rao

2003

IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.

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“…It is only recently that a tremendous interest in passive UHF RFID systems has developed 2,3 . This interest comes from the ability of RFID systems to permit real-time tracking of inventory that is essential to supply chain management systems and also the large ranges that are possible at UHF with reasonable form factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A stacked antenna broad-band RFID front-end for UHF and microwave bands

Pillai¹,

Heinrich²,

Rao³

et al. 2004

Proceedings of the 14th ACM Great Lakes Symposium on VLSI

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A stacked antenna front-end for RFIDs is presented. Schottky diode based voltage doubler charge pumps are used on the frontend. The use of schottky diodes permits broadband operation for UHF (915MHz) as well as Microwave (2.45GHz). The entire chip has a low power EEPROM, digital state machine, clock recovery and data demodulation circuits; and the chip implements the ISO 18000-6B protocol for passive UHF (915MHz) operation. The chip is built on n-well, dual poly digital process with schottky diodes and EEPROM and comparisons are made between an unoptimized front-end built on 1um and an optimized front-end built on a 0.35 process. We provide a theoretical derivation for the superior orientational performance of a stacked antenna transponder as compared to a single antenna transponder. The tag front-end impedance is measured at UHF and Microwave bands for various powers and the threshold power for the tag is calculated. Based on the threshold power measured, the range of the tag is estimated and the omni-directional superiority of a stacked dipole is shown.

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“…Radio, television broadcasts, mobile telephone services and wireless local area network (WLAN) cover every urban region, which makes RF radiation so pervasive that it fits the concept of ubiquitous computing well. The other advantage is that the energy harvester for RF radiation can be integrated into the microelectronic device [45], so by the standard CMOS process flow, the flexibility and the reliability are no longer a problem.…”

Section: Radiofrequency (Rf) Radiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[47] [48,49]. If the RF radiation source is close to the smart dust, RF radiation harvesting is successful with the involvement of the human activity such as pushing the button of sending signal [45,50,51]. For the RF radiation energy harvester the design of the antenna is important [52], and the size of the antenna prefers to be larger than the wavelength of the RF radiation [53].…”

Section: Radiofrequency (Rf) Radiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solar cells on CMOS chips as energy harvesters : integration and CMOS compatibility

Lu¹

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A low-power CMOS integrated circuit for field-powered radio frequency identification tags

Cited by 55 publications

References 1 publication

Improving energy saving in wireless systems by using dynamic power management

Improving energy saving in wireless systems by using dynamic power management

A stacked antenna broad-band RFID front-end for UHF and microwave bands

Solar cells on CMOS chips as energy harvesters : integration and CMOS compatibility

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