A low-power, programmable analog event detector for resource-constrained sensing systems

Rumberg, Brandon; Graham, David; Kulathumani, Vinod

doi:10.1109/mwscas.2012.6292026

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Over the past decade, the rapid rise of the Internet of Things (IoT) has facilitated the advancement of remote sensing by simplifying the design and expanding the scale of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) [1][2][3][4][5]. Yet, WSN expansion has faced bottlenecks due to the energy constraints and accessibility restrictions imposed by the remote placement of sensor nodes [1]. Thus, there is a growing demand for reliable devices with ultra-low power consumption and high wireless reprogrammability.…”

Section: Wireless Sensor Network and Acoustic Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this way, the intrinsic device physics of analog components are leveraged to perform computations that would inherently require more power on fully digital platforms while still retaining the abilities to wirelessly network and perform sophisticated digital computation. [1,6,25] have previously shown that this type of configuration can facilitate significant power savings.…”

Section: Proposal Novelty and Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although this paper expands on the work described in [6], it differs in a few aspects from previous works that offered solutions to the AVDC problem. Related works utilized application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) [1,6,9,10,25]. ASICs offer superb performance, ultra-low power consumption (especially with an integrated MSP), and good robustness.…”

Section: Proposal Novelty and Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Acoustic Vehicle Detector and Classifier Using a Reconfigurable Analog/Mixed-Signal Platform

Bhattacharyya

Andryzcik

Graham

2020

JLPEA

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The wireless sensor nodes used in a growing number of remote sensing applications are deployed in inaccessible locations or are subjected to severe energy constraints. Audio-based sensing offers flexibility in node placement and is popular in low-power schemes. Thus, in this paper, a node architecture with low power consumption and in-the-field reconfigurability is evaluated in the context of an acoustic vehicle detection and classification (hereafter “AVDC”) scenario. The proposed architecture utilizes an always-on field-programmable analog array (FPAA) as a low-power event detector to selectively wake a microcontroller unit (MCU) when a significant event is detected. When awoken, the MCU verifies the vehicle class asserted by the FPAA and transmits the relevant information. The AVDC system is trained by solving a classification problem using a lexicographic, nonlinear programming algorithm. On a testing dataset comprising of data from ten cars, ten trucks, and 40 s of wind noise, the AVDC system has a detection accuracy of 100%, a classification accuracy of 95%, and no false alarms. The mean power draw of the FPAA is 43 μ W and the mean power consumption of the MCU and radio during its validation and wireless transmission process is 40.9 mW. Overall, this paper demonstrates that the utilization of an FPAA-based signal preprocessor can greatly improve the flexibility and power consumption of wireless sensor nodes.

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Section: Wireless Sensor Network and Acoustic Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Proposal Novelty and Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Proposal Novelty and Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Acoustic Vehicle Detector and Classifier Using a Reconfigurable Analog/Mixed-Signal Platform

Bhattacharyya

Andryzcik

Graham

2020

JLPEA

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“…The ASP can be a custom integrated circuit (IC) or a reconfigurable device [2]. Such devices require fine tuning of the analog front-end, but result in decreased power consumption [3,4].…”

Section: Wireless Sensor Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The two Hibernets papers [29,3] detail how an integrated circuit can be used as an analog signal pre-processor for classifying vehicle presence and vehicle class based on audio data received from a microphone. These papers covered an analog signal processor (ASP) that monitors incoming audio for event detection.…”

Section: Acoustic Vehicle Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixed Signal Integrated Circuit Design for Custom Sensor Interfacing

Andryzcik¹

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Low-power analog integrated circuits (ICs) can be utilized at the interface between an analog sensor and a digital system's input to decrease power consumption, increase system accuracy, perform signal processing, and make the necessary adjustments for compatibility between the two devices. This interfacing has typically been done with custom integrated solutions, but advancements in floating-gate technologies have made reconfigurable analog ICs a competitive option. Whether the solution is a custom design or built from a reconfigurable system, digital peripheral circuits are needed to configure their operation for these analog circuits to work with the best accuracy. Using an analog IC as a front end signal processor between an analog sensor and wireless sensor mote can greatly decrease battery consumption. Processing in the digital domain requires more power than when done on an analog system. An Analog Signal Processor (ASP) can allow the digital wireless mote to remain in sleep mode while the ASP is always listening for an important event. Once this event occurs, the ASP will wake the wireless mote, allowing it to record the event and send radio transmissions if necessary. As most wireless sensor networks employ the use of batteries as a power source, an energy harvesting system in addition to an ASP can be used to further supplement this battery consumption. This thesis documents the development of mixed-signal integrated circuits for use as interfaces between analog sensors and digital Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). The following work outlines, as well as shows the results, of development for sensor interfacing utilizing both custom mixed signal integrated circuits as well as a Field Programmable Analog Array (FPAA) for post fabrication customization. An Analog Signal Processor (ASP) has been used in an Acoustic Vehicle Classification system. To keep these interfacing methods low power, a prototype energy harvesting system using commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) devices is detailed which has led to the design of a fully integrated solution. I would like to begin by thanking Dr. David W. Graham for all of his guidance and direction, as well as for giving me the opportunity to work in his laboratory while completing my research. I would also like to thank Dr. Brandon Rumberg for helping to answer my countless questions and for acting as a second mentor during my studies. My thanks also go to the other gentlemen who I have worked with these past few years for all of their help and willingness to listen: Brandon Kelly, Mir Mohammad Navidi, and Alex Dillelo. I also need to thank my friends and family for providing me with an amazing support system. Special thanks go out to my mother, Cindy and my father, Steve. I cannot express how much they have helped me get to this point in my life. Lastly, I would like to thank my girlfriend, Brittany, who has been there with me every step of the way.

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Always-On Sparse Event Wake-Up Detectors: A Review

Gazivoda

Bilas

2022

IEEE Sensors J.

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A low-power, programmable analog event detector for resource-constrained sensing systems

Cited by 7 publications

References 13 publications

An Acoustic Vehicle Detector and Classifier Using a Reconfigurable Analog/Mixed-Signal Platform

An Acoustic Vehicle Detector and Classifier Using a Reconfigurable Analog/Mixed-Signal Platform

Mixed Signal Integrated Circuit Design for Custom Sensor Interfacing

Always-On Sparse Event Wake-Up Detectors: A Review

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