A Low Profile Ultrawide Band Monopole Antenna for Wearable Applications

Abstract

A low profile pentagonal shaped monopole antenna is designed and presented for wearable applications. The main objective of this paper is to design a miniaturized ultrawide band monopole planar antenna which can work efficiently in free space but also on the surface of the human body. The impact of human tissues on antenna performance is explained using the proposed pentagonal monopole antenna. The antenna is designed with a pentagonal radiator and a matched feed line of 50 ohm and square slots are integrated on defected ground of FR4 substrate with a size of 15 mm × 25 mm to achieve ultrawide band (UWB) performance in free space and human proximity. This overall design will enhance the antenna performance with wide bandwidth ranging from 2.9 GHz to 11 GHz. Specific absorption rate (SAR) of the proposed antenna on dispersive phantom model is also measured to observe the exposure of electromagnetic energy on human tissues. The simulated and measured results of the proposed antenna exhibit wide bandwidth and radiation characteristics in both free space and human proximity.

Theoretical Simulation of the Near-Field Probe for Non-Invasive Measurements on Planar Layers with Biological Characteristics

“…Before creating a plane-layered medium, it is necessary to consider the most optimal part of the body from the point of view of applying a probe for a return signal with minimal noise. Modern research on creating tools for measuring blood glucose concentration is mainly aimed at creating a sensor located on the wrist and forearm [ 20 , 21 , 22 ]. This approach is associated with a large number of lymphatic vessels located at a shallow depth of bedding, as well as a thin fat layer, in comparison with other parts of the body.…”

“…The thickness of the dermis on the forearm varies in the range of 1.0–1.5 mm, and in some places reaches 2.5 mm. The thickness of the subcutaneous fat layer on the lower leg is highly correlated with the thickness of the fat on the thigh, forearm, and shoulder and ranges from 0.6 to 0.7 mm, where 0.1 mm refers to fat tissue located in the skin [ 22 ]. The muscle layer of the forearm is an average of 30 mm in diameter.…”

Human Activity Classification Using On-Body Miniaturized Antennas

“…Thus while simulating the antenna, we need to simulate it with human wrist phantom. The human body phantom was adopted from [7]. Three layers on human body -skin, fats and muscle were considered (Fig.…”

Compact UWB Antenna With Integrated Triple Notch Bands for WBAN Applications

“…UWB is an unlicensed frequency band, as declared by the Federal Communication Commission (FCC), in frequency range from 3.1-10.6 GHz [4]. The low power restriction (-44.3 dBm) of UWB systems attracts a wide range of applications in short-range communications, wearable applications [5], remote sensing [6], IoT applications [7], microwave imaging for tumour detection [8]. UWB and other existing conventional narrow band technologies are presented in Fig.…”