A low temperature reduction of CCl4 to solid and hollow carbon nanospheres using metallic sodium

A Simple Pyrolysis Route To Synthesize Carbon Nanofibers in Molten Zinc Chloride as an Anode Material for Li Ion Batteries

“…In the past years, carbon nanomaterials have attracted considerable attention because of their unique mechanical, electronic, and chemical properties. − Thus, nanostructured carbon with various morphologies, for instance, nanoparticles, nanorods, nanobelts, nanosheets, nanospheres, nanofibers, and nanotubes, has been produced and extensively investigated. − Carbon nanofibers (CNFs) have been expected to be applied for a range of potential application, including electron field emission source, probe tip, and fuel cells. , Meanwhile, CNFs can be used as electrode materials for lithium ion batteries for they have huge surface areas and present a relatively large amount of lithium ion insertion sites on their surface, which usual lead to good electrochemical properties. , Up to now, a number of research groups have reported the preparation of CNFs, which have been produced by arc discharge, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), laser ablation, and so on. − CNFs can also be produced through a cocatalyst deoxidization process . Recently, a molten salt route has been widely used in the synthesis of nanomaterials (for instance, Ge, Si, carbides, borides, and other materials) because the route is a rather green chemistry process. − In this study, we report a novel approach to synthesize CNFs by a simple pyrolysis of tetrahydrofuran in molten zinc chloride.…”

Low-temperature reduction–pyrolysis–catalysis synthesis of carbon nanospheres for lithium-ion batteries

“…7,8 Typical carbon nanosphere synthesis methods employ chemical vapor deposition or pyrolysis of the organic precursors. 9,10 However, these synthesis methods require complicated experimental processes and high temperatures, usually between 500 and 1000 C. Recently, Yao et al 11 and Choucair et al 12 reported that chemical reduction of carbon precursors (C 2 H 3 Cl 3 , C 2 H 4 Cl 2 and CCl 4 etc. ), with the addition of transition metal catalysts (potassium or sodium), could signicantly decrease the temperature required for the formation of carbon nanospheres to as low as $100 C. However, the use of potassium or sodium during these reaction process are exceedingly dangerous (highly explosive) and thus industrially unfavorable for continuous production on a large scale.…”